1. What is a noun?

Match the word to its synonym level B1 CEFR. Use the vocabulary exactly adverb precisely except that aside from exist verb to be real existing adjective real, current Example: Flying cars are not practical with existing technology. existence noun reality Example: The existence of black holes has been confirmed by indirect observation. extraordinary adjective unusual feature noun important part of something Example: The Ramon Crater is a unique feature of the Negev Desert. feedback noun reaction figure noun shape Example: I can’t tell if that figure in the shadows is a man or a woman. figure out verb understand Example: I just can’t figure out how the magician did that amazing trick. financial adjective related to money Example: Her family is having financial problems so they can’t travel overseas this year. finance verb pay for Example: If I can’t get a loan from the bank, I won’t be able to finance a new apartment. finance noun money Example: An expert in finance predicts a global recession. finding/findings noun discoveries; results of a study Example: According to the findings of the police investigation, this is the gun which fired the fatal bullet. flexibility noun willingness to change flexible adjective adjusts easily Example: I’d prefer to meet on Monday morning but I can be flexible depending upon your schedule. flood noun a lot of water flood verb to cover with too much water flu noun type of sickness focus on/upon verb pay attention to Example: You should focus on your schoolwork if you want to improve your grades. focus noun attention People with attention deficit disorder lose focus easily. frequency noun how often frequent adjective very often Example: Hanah is a frequent customer and everyone at the store knows her. fresh adjective new Example: We need some fresh ideas if we’re going to solve this problem. frighten verb scare from preposition position, starting point gain verb make an increase, profit, earn Example: I have nothing to gain by choosing sides so I shall remain neutral. gain noun profit, amount earned generate verb create, make Example: Chat GPT can generate text written in any style you choose. guidance noun help, advice hopeful adjective optimistic, having a positive outlook Example: The farmers are hopeful that we will have rain this winter. hopefully adjective with luck ideal adjective best, most preferable Example: Nuclear power may not be an ideal solution to global warming, but it’s certainly worth considering. illness noun sickness, disease illustrate verb draw pictures illustration noun picture, image Example: Children’s storybooks have colorful illustrations. image noun picture, especially on film or television Example: The mother of the pop singer cried when she first saw her daughter’s image on television. in preposition within, inside, into in terms of regarding Example: That company makes a great product but they’re lacking in terms of customer service. in actual fact in truth Example: The mayor says the city is a safe place to live, but in actual fact the violent crime rate is very high. in connection with about Example: Police arrested four men in connection with the robbery. in that case if that is true Example: Billy Bob: “Traffic could be heavy tomorrow.” Peggy Sue: “In that case, we better leave early.” in the meantime while, during Example: The new computers won’t arrive until next week, but we can keep using the old ones in the meantime. initial adjective first Example: Her initial reaction to that song was negative, but over time she’s come to like it. initially adverb at first instruction noun teaching, order Example: Most new electronic devices come with a set of instructions. intelligence noun smartness Example: Since you have a degree from a good university, I assume you have sufficient intelligence to understand this problem. intelligent adjective smart Example: Joe isn’t very intelligent, but he is a kind person with a warm heart. interest noun attraction Example: Yossi has little interest in politics, whereas his wife goes to all the protests and demonstrations. interest verb to attract Example: Sports don’t really interest me, but my brother is a big basketball fan. introduce verb to show something new Example: Today in class I will introduce the basic concepts of literary analysis. invest verb to put money into something in order to earn money Example: Joe invested in cryptocurrency and lost a lot of money. investor noun one who puts money into something in order to earn money Example: Venture capitalists are investors who put money into risky start-up businesses. investment noun putting money into something in order to earn money Example: Buying real estate in Israel is a very safe investment because the value never goes down. investigate verb research, study Example: The police collected evidence to investigate the murder. investigation noun study Example: The police don’t have a suspect for the murder as the investigation isn’t finished yet. investigator noun detective Example: Detective Schmendrick is the lead investigator for the murder case. just about almost Example: I’m just about done here so I’ll be there shortly. keep on doing verb continue Example: You’re crazy if you keep on doing the same thing and expect different results. kind of type of Example: What kind of dog is that, a poodle? knowledge noun awareness Example: John failed the test due to lack of knowledge of the material. lack verb not having, missing Example: John failed the test due to lack of knowledge of the material. landscape noun the view of the land likely adjective, adverb probably Example: When we learn from our mistakes, we’re not likely to forget. limited adjective restricted Example: We should go to the store today because the sale is for a limited time only. limitation noun restriction little adjective small, not a lot Example: She always tells the truth. I have little reason to doubt her. look at verb see Example: People used to read newspapers on the train. Nowadays they just look at their phones. low adverb to a small amount or level Example: I have to charge my phone because the battery is running low. material noun documents, information Example: We have a lot of material to cover before the end of the semester. meaning noun significance mean verb to have significance or purpose means noun form of, by the use of Example: They communicate by means of radio. measure noun step Example: The teacher took measures to prevent cheating during the test mention verb to say, point out Example: The coach said the team played very well today but didn’t mention any player specifically. miss verb (1) fail to catch (2) wishing to see somebody Examples: (1) The football player kicked the ball but missed the goal. (2) Wow, it’s good to see you! I’ve missed you so much! misunderstand verb understand incorrectly Example: I’m afraid I misunderstood the instructions. Could you repeat them please? more or less approximately, somewhat, to a varying degree Example: This is more or less a religious neighborhood, though there are a few secular families. must modal verb have to naturally adverb as expected, normally nature noun (1) open air (2) character Examples: (1) We like to go hiking in nature reserves. (2) Pit bulls are aggressive by nature.

DESCRIPTIVE TEXT Definition of Descriptive Text Descriptive Text is a text which says what a person or a thing is like. Its purpose is to describe and reveal a particular person, place, or thing.” Generic Structure of Descriptive Text # Identification : Identifies phenomenon (person, place, or thing) that will be described. (berisi tentang identifikasi hal / seorang yang akan dideskripsikan.) # Description : Describes parts, qualities, characteristics, etc (berisi tentang penjelasan / penggambaran tentang hal / seseorang dengan menyebutkan beberapa sifatnya.) The Characteristics / Language Feature of Descriptive Text 1. The use of adjective to clarify the noun, for example: a beautiful beach, a handsome man, the famous place in jepara, etc. 2. Focus on specific participant, has a ertain object , is not common, for example Sadengan Beach, Borobudur Temple,Christiano Ronaldo, etc 3. The use of simple present tense: The sentence pattern used is simple present because it tells the fact of the object described. 4. Action verb : verbs that show an activity( for example ; run, walk, sleep, etc)

1. What is intraspecific competition? a. A relationship between predator and prey b. Competition between individuals of the same species for limited resources c. Interaction between two different species in an ecosystem d. A form of predation where herbivores consume plants 2. How does interspecific competition affect ecosystems? a. It leads to an increase in biodiversity b. It causes one species to always become extinct c. It can change population sizes and species distribution d. It has no effect on ecosystems 3. Which of the following is an example of true predation? a. A cow grazing on grass b. A lion hunting a zebra c. A bee pollinating flowers d. A bird building a nest 4. What role do parasitoids play in ecosystems? a. They are primary producers b. They help control pest populations c. They are a type of prey d. They compete with herbivores for plants 5. Which of the following best describes a predator? a. An organism that is hunted and consumed b. An organism that feeds on plants c. An organism that hunts and consumes another organism d. An organism that lays eggs inside a host 6. How does grazing affect plant communities? a. It allows a single plant species to dominate b. It helps maintain diverse ecosystems c. It eliminates all plant life d. It has no impact on plant communities 7. What is the main difference between intraspecific and interspecific competition? a. Intraspecific involves different species; interspecific involves the same species b. Intraspecific involves the same species; interspecific involves different species c. Intraspecific competition is always beneficial; interspecific is not d. Intraspecific competition occurs only in aquatic environments 8. What is a common consequence of predation in ecosystems? a. Increase in prey population b. Overpopulation of predators c. Regulation of prey populations d. Extinction of all predators 9. Which interaction involves herbivores consuming plants? a. True predation b. Intraspecific competition c. Grazing d. Parasitism 10. How can interspecific competition influence natural selection? a. It does not influence natural selection b. It leads to cooperation among all species c. It can drive adaptation and evolutionary change d. It eliminates the need for adaptation

1. What is the meaning of the word "Izhaar"? A) To hide the sound B) To make it clear C) To change the sound D) To merge two letters 2. Which part of the body is used to pronounce Izhaar Halqi letters? A) The lips B) The tongue only C) The throat D) The nose 3. How many letters are there for Izhaar Halqi? A) 4 letters B) 6 letters C) 15 letters D) 2 letters 4. When do we apply the rule of Izhaar Halqi? A) When any letter comes after Meem Sakinah B) When an Izhaar letter comes after Noon Sakinah or Tanween C) When we see a Shaddah D) Only at the end of a Surah 5. Which of the following is NOT an Izhaar Halqi letter? A) Hamzah (أ) B) Haa (هـ) C) Baa (ب) D) 'Ayn (ع) 6. Which pair of letters comes from the deepest part of the throat (closest to the chest)? A) ع and ح B) غ and خ C) ء and هـ D) ق and ك 7. When you do Izhaar, do you make a long Ghunnah (nasal sound)? A) Yes, a very long one B) No, we pronounce the Noon clearly without extra Ghunnah C) Only if we want to D) Yes, for 2 counts 8. Which letter comes from the top part of the throat (closest to the mouth)? A) Khaad (خ) B) Haa (ح) C) Hamzah (أ) D) Meem (م) 9. What are the middle throat letters? A) ء and هـ B) ع and ح C) غ and خ D) ت and د 10. In the phrase "مَنْ عَمِلَ" (Man 'Amila), which rule is applied? A) Idghaam B) Ikhfaa C) Izhaar Halqi D) Iqlaab 11. Why do we do Izhaar in "مَنْ عَمِلَ"? A) Because the letter 'Ayn (ع) comes after Noon Sakinah B) Because it is easy to say C) Because Meem has a Fathah D) Because the Noon has a Shaddah 12. What does "Noon Sakinah" mean? A) A Noon with a Fathah B) A Noon with a Kasrah C) A Noon with no vowel (has a Sukoon) D) A double Noon 13. What is Tanween? A) A double vowel sign (Fathatain, Kasratain, Dammatain) at the end of a word D) A small Meem on top of a letter C) A stretching sign D) A stop sign 14. Can Izhaar Halqi happen within a single word? A) No, never B) Yes, it can happen in one word or between two words C) Only in short words D) Only in Surah Al-Fatihah 15. Look at the word "وَانْحَرْ" (Wanhar). What is the Izhaar letter here? A) Waw (و) B) Noon (ن) C) Haa (ح) D) Raa (ر) 16. In the Quran, what sign is usually placed on the Noon Sakinah to show it is Izhaar? A) A small circle or head of a Khaa (Sukoon sign) B) A Shaddah C) Nothing at all D) A little Meem 17. What happens to the Tanween vowels when there is Izhaar? A) They are written far apart from each other B) They are aligned perfectly parallel above/below each other C) One vowel is deleted D) They change color 18. Which of the following words contains an Izhaar Halqi rule? A) أَنْعَمْتَ B) مَنْ يَقُولُ C) مِنْ بَعْدِ D) كُنْتُمْ 19. Choose the group that contains ONLY Izhaar Halqi letters: A) ي ، ر ، م ، ل B) ء ، هـ ، ع ، ح ، غ ، خ C) ك ، ق ، ج ، د D) ب ، ت ، ث 20. In the phrase "عَذَابٌ أَلِيمٌ" ( 'Adhaabun Aleem), why is there Izhaar? A) Because Tanween is followed by Hamzah (أ) B) Because it ends with Meem C) Because the word is long D) Because of the letter Laam 21. What is the correct way to read "مِنْ حَكِيمٍ"? A) Mi---hakeem (hide the Noon) B) Min Hakeem (read Noon clearly and quickly) C) Mih-hakeem (mix them together) D) Mim-hakeem (change Noon to Meem) 22. "Ghain" (غ) and "Khaa" (خ) come from which part of the throat? A) Deep throat B) Middle throat C) Top throat D) The lips 23. If a Noon Sakinah is followed by the letter "هـ" (Haa), how do we pronounce it? A) Clear Noon B) Hidden Noon C) Double Noon D) Silent Noon 24. Which of these is a middle throat letter? A) ء B) خ C) ح D) هـ 25. Complete the sentence: Izhaar Halqi means to pronounce the Noon Sakinah or Tanween cleanly from its articulation point without any ________. A) Breathing B) Vowel (Harakah) C) Extra Ghunnah (nasalization) D) Stopping

*1. What is the primary objective of Step 3 in the adolescent health program development process?* a) To gather evidence for situational analysis. b) To decide on the priority issues and behaviors for the program. c) To implement interventions for various health problems. d) To assess the effectiveness of the program. *Answer: b) To decide on the priority issues and behaviors for the program.* *2. What key question is addressed in this step regarding health problems and resources?* a) How many resources can be allocated to each health problem? b) How many health problems can be addressed given the available resources? c) Which health problems have the highest prevalence in the community? d) How do we measure the success of the program? *Answer: b) How many health problems can be addressed given the available resources?* *3. Why is it necessary to prioritize health outcomes for the adolescent program?* a) To ensure that all health problems are addressed simultaneously. b) To accommodate the preferences of community leaders. c) Due to limited resources, focusing on the most immediate needs of adolescents is crucial. d) To align with evidence gathered during the situational analysis. *Answer: c) Due to limited resources, focusing on the most immediate needs of adolescents is crucial.* *4. How does the worksheet help in prioritizing health outcomes for the adolescent program?* a) By providing a list of health problems without any scoring system. b) By assigning equal scores to all health problems. c) By listing general health outcomes and specific health problems with a scoring system. d) By excluding the opinions of adolescents and community leaders. *Answer: c) By listing general health outcomes and specific health problems with a scoring system.* *5. What does the example on the prioritization worksheet illustrate about early pregnancy?* a) It is a low priority health problem. b) It has a low magnitude of the problem. c) It has a moderate level of importance in the community. d) It is the highest priority health problem with a score of 6. *Answer: d) It is the highest priority health problem with a score of 6.* *6. What does a SMART health status objective entail in the context of adolescent health program development?* a) It is a short-term outcome without specific indicators. b) It focuses solely on individual behaviors without considering community perspectives. c) It is specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and time-bound. d) It does not require baseline data or target year for achievement. *Answer: c) It is specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and time-bound.*

Test for Understanding: Chapter 1: “What is a “Problem-Solving Team”?

Section 6.1 Quiz: What is a Biome?

1. What is a rubric?

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