A 25-year-old woman says that she has a dry and frequent cough that started 1 week ago. She says that she is coughing frequently and that she has also had headaches and a mild fever during this time. She has never traveled outside the United States. Her immunizations are up to date. She works as a primary school instructor and does not recall being in contact with anyone ill recently. Her temperature is 101.2°F (38.1°C), blood pressure is 130/76 mm Hg, pulse is 101, and respiratory rate is 22. Physical examination is notable only for crackles heard in her right lung base. A chest x-ray is shown below. A sample of her sputum reveals numerous cytoplasmic inclusions, and the sample does not stain with Gram stain. Which of the following organisms is most likely responsible for this woman’s illness?

A 61-year-old man presents with chronic cough, difficulty swallowing, and new-onset voice change. In recent months he has experienced fatigue and an unintentional 20-lb (9.07-kg) weight loss. He also complains of postprandial indigestion, especially while lying down. He is a retired rock singer, and he admits to smoking one pack of cigarettes per day for the past 40 years and drinking “more than his share” of alcohol. In addition, he reports unprotected sex with multiple partners in the past. The patient is found to have a mass arising from the left true vocal fold, as shown in the image. Biopsy confirms the presence of a neoplastic process. Which of the following risk factors is most closely associated with the development of this patient’s condition?