1/25/18 | Quizalize

0:01 i pasticciotti presentano Federico II di 0:05 Sveia 0:07 Nel 0:09 1186 Costanza D'Alta Villa figlia del re 0:12 normno di Sicilia Ruggero II sposò ormai 0:16 trentenne Enrico VI di Svevia figlio 0:20 dell'imperatore Federico Barbarossa che 0:23 si servì di questo matrimonio per 0:26 stringere un'alleanza politica con la 0:28 monarchia siciliana 0:31 Purtroppo non fu un'unione felice sia 0:34 perché il marito aveva 10 anni in meno 0:37 della moglie sia perché lui non aveva un 0:40 bel carattere e pare che rinfacciasse 0:44 continuamente a costanza la sua età 0:47 avanzata temendo che ciò fosse causa di 0:50 sterilità 0:52 Alla morte di Federico Barbarossa nel 0:56 1190 Enrico VI ereditò dal padre il 1:00 titolo di imperatore del Sacro Romano 1:02 Impero ma era incapace di esercitare un 1:06 buon governo nei confronti dei sudditi 1:09 normanni che vivevano nel regno di 1:11 Sicilia portatogli in dote dalla moglie 1:14 Costanza 1:16 Così nel 1:18 1994 Enrico partì per una spedizione in 1:22 Sicilia senza la moglie al seguito e 1:25 fece in modo di essere incoronato re di 1:28 Sicilia il giorno di Natale nella 1:31 cattedrale di 1:33 Palermo Lo stesso giorno Costanza che 1:36 era in avanzato stato di gravidanza e 1:39 stava viaggiando in direzione di Palermo 1:42 per raggiungere il marito si rese conto 1:44 di essere prossima al 1:47 parto Se oggi nessuno più si meraviglia 1:50 della gravidanza di una quarantenne nel 1:52 Medioevo una gestazione a quell'età 1:55 sembrava una cosa praticamente 1:57 impossibile Pertanto si erano alimentate 2:01 voci malevoli sulla vera condizione di 2:04 costanza e neppure il marito pareva 2:07 realmente convinto della gravidanza 2:09 della moglie E dato che Costanza prima 2:12 di sposarsi era stata per un periodo in 2:16 monastero circolava addirittura la voce 2:19 che nel suo grembo ci fosse 2:21 l'anticristo che secondo una leggenda 2:24 medievale sarebbe nato dall'unione di 2:26 una vecchia monaca con un 2:29 frate Così Costanza decise di fermarsi 2:33 nella cittadina di Iesi e per fugare 2:36 ogni dubbio sulla sua gravidanza fece 2:39 allestire una tenda nella piazza 2:42 centrale della cittadina 2:44 marchigiana in modo da partorire al 2:47 cospetto di tutte le donne sposate del 2:50 paese Alcuni riferirono che il giorno 2:53 successivo al parto la regina lattò 2:56 pubblicamente il piccolo che poi fu 2:59 battezzato nella cattedrale di San 3:01 Ruffino di Assisi con il nome di 3:04 Federico 3:06 Ruggero Federico per indicare la 3:09 discendenza sveva quale nipote di 3:12 Federico 3:13 Barbarossa e Ruggero per sottolineare la 3:17 discendenza normanna dal primo re di 3:20 Sicilia Ruggero 3:23 d'Altavilla A soli 3 anni il piccolo 3:26 Federico rimase orfano e fu posto sotto 3:30 la tutela di Papa Innocenzo II da cui si 3:33 affrancò a 14 anni quando divenne prima 3:37 re di Sicilia e poi re di 3:41 Germania acquisendo il nome di Federico 3:44 II congiuntamente al titolo di 3:47 imperatore nel 1220 3:50 Ma Federico era più interessato 3:53 all'Italia che alla 3:54 Germania Così stabilì la sua corte in 3:57 Sicilia a 4:00 Palermo Federico II organizzò un regno 4:04 forte e 4:05 accentrato costruendo in tutta l'Italia 4:08 meridionale vari castelli dove collocò 4:11 le sue truppe che dovevano controllare 4:14 il territorio e sedare eventuali rivolte 4:18 Vanno menzionati in particolare il 4:21 castello di Melfi in Basilicata dove 4:25 furono promulgate le famose costituzioni 4:29 melfitane una raccolta di leggi scritte 4:32 rivolte a tutti gli abitanti del regno 4:35 con cui si limitavano i poteri dei 4:38 baroni locali e si vietava il ricorso 4:41 alla vendetta personale per affidarsi 4:44 invece alla giustizia stabilita dalle 4:47 leggi 4:48 C'era poi il castello di Trani che aveva 4:51 la funzione di sorvegliare l'ingresso 4:54 alla città e al porto E infine il 4:58 celeberrimo castel del Monte 5:01 caratterizzato da un'originale pianta 5:03 ottagonale attorniata da torri anch'esse 5:07 ottagonali che fungeva da dimora come 5:10 testimoniato dalla presenza di grandi 5:13 camini Uomo colto fine giurista 5:17 Amante dell'arte della letteratura 5:20 Federico II ospitò alla sua corte 5:22 studiosi e artisti provenienti da tutta 5:25 Europa Dialogò con intellettuali arabi e 5:29 fondò l'Università di Napoli che ancora 5:32 oggi porta il suo 5:35 nome Con l'editto di Salerno regolamentò 5:38 per la prima volta la professione del 5:41 farmacista separandola di fatto da 5:44 quella del medico scrisse anche un libro 5:48 un manuale sulla falconeria e sull'arte 5:52 venatoria chiamato de Arte venandi cum 5:57 avibus ossia l'arte di cacciare con gli 6:01 uccelli che fu uno dei primi manoscritti 6:04 con disegni a tema 6:08 naturalistico In una nota alla sua morte 6:11 il monaco Matteo Paris lo chiamerà 6:14 stupor Mundi cioè stupore del mondo Un 6:19 appellativo che racchiude l'essenza 6:21 della sua inestinguibile curiosità 6:25 intellettuale che lo portò ad 6:27 approfondire la filosofia l'astrologia 6:30 la matematica l'algebra la medicina e le 6:34 scienze naturali ha al punto da 6:37 impiantare a Palermo persino uno zoo 6:40 famoso ai suoi tempi per il gran numero 6:43 di animali esotici che conteneva anche 6:46 un 6:47 elefante I rapporti col papo però non 6:51 furono idiaci 6:53 Sia Papa Onorio II che Gregorio Io detto 6:57 anche il Papa Guerriero lo costrinsero a 7:00 intraprendere una nuova crociata in 7:02 Terra Santa minacciando di scomunicarlo 7:06 qualora non l'avesse 7:08 fatto Così dopo tanta insistenza da 7:11 parte del papato Federico si mise in 7:13 viaggio per la Terra Santa 7:16 Giunto in Oriente però non mosse guerra 7:19 ai musulmani ma preferì stringere 7:22 accordi con il sultano d'Egitto 7:25 ottenendo il controllo della città di 7:27 Gerusalemme e una tregua di 10 anni 7:32 Si trattava di conquiste importanti dal 7:34 punto di vista diplomatico ma al suo 7:37 ritorno Federico II fu accusato 7:40 duramente di essere sceso a patti con 7:42 gli 7:43 infedeli Nel suo programma di governo 7:47 Federico II era intenzionato a 7:49 riaffermare la sua autorità sui comuni 7:52 del Nord Italia fatto che preoccupava il 7:56 Papa il quale temeva il rafforzamento 7:59 del potere imperiale anche a nord dello 8:02 Stato Pontificio già confinante a sud 8:05 con il Regno di Sicilia 8:08 In pratica il Papa si sentiva 8:11 schiacciato sia a nord che a sud 8:14 dall'imperatore Così Papa Gregorio Io 8:18 appoggiò alcuni comuni che si riunirono 8:20 nella Lega Lombarda e che furono detti 8:24 guelfi A questi si contrapposero i 8:27 comuni ghibellini che decisero di 8:30 schierarsi a sostegno 8:33 dell'imperatore Iniziò così una 8:35 lunghissima contesa che avrebbe 8:38 dilaniato le città 8:41 italiane Tutto 8:43 chiaro ciao e al prossimo 8:49 video Se questo video ti è piaciuto ti 8:52 chiedo di fare mi piace cliccando 8:53 sull'icona qui sotto Per me è molto 8:55 importante quindi grazie in anticipo se 8:57 lo farai Per essere informato ogni volta 8:59 che pubblico un nuovo video ricorda di 9:01 cliccare anche sul grande pulsante rosso 9:02 Iscriviti e sulla campanella di fianco 9:05 [Musica]

When Europeans met American Indians in the late 15th century, the people of two continents exchanged many beneficial customs and goods. Europeans received New World crops such as potatoes and corn. American Indians acquired cloth and horses. However, besides the beneficial exchanges, Europeans and American Indians often traded deadly germs–bacteria and viruses–for which they had no immunity. Smallpox and Indians Image 1: Smallpox epidemics helped Europeans conquer the Aztec and Incan Empires of Mexico and South America. North American Indians quickly concluded that contact with Europeans often resulted in devastating diseases that caused widespread death. This drawing, made in the 1500s in Mexico, shows how the disease was passed from a European to an American Indian through simple contact. Many of the diseases that were common in Europe were entirely new to the peoples of North America. Diseases such as tuberculosis and measles could be fatal, but Europeans had developed resistance to the disease, so many people survived. However, when European diseases infected American Indians with no previous exposure, the people suffered terribly. The most devastating of these diseases was smallpox which is caused by a virus (Variola major). Smallpox, like many other diseases, had a latent period of about one week between the time the person was exposed to the disease and the time when signs of the disease became apparent. During this time, the sick person might begin a journey and carry the germs along with him. Anyone the person met would be exposed to smallpox. Anything the victim touched including clothing, bedding, or unwashed dishes carried living germs of smallpox. Cotton Mather Image 2: Cotton Mather was a Boston minister. When smallpox threatened Boston, he remembered reading about how the Turks inoculated people with dried material from smallpox blisters. The inoculation usually gave the person a mild case of the disease and future immunity. The procedure was highly controversial, but it helped save the lives of 274 people who were inoculated during the Boston smallpox epidemic of 1721. Symptoms of the disease began with fever, chills, and aches. The fever might raise a person’s temperature from the normal 98.6o to a dangerous 106o. After four days of misery, the victim entered the second stage when large pustules (fluid-filled bumps) appeared on the body. The rash made the person feel as if their skin were on fire. After suffering with the rash for nine days, the victim entered a new stage-if he or she had survived this long. The pustules opened and dried up. Each pustule formed a scab that turned into a scar that marked the person’s face for the rest of his or her life. Complications of smallpox for those who survived might include loss of vision or damage to the lungs, heart, or liver. Waterhouse Image 3: Dr. Benjamin Waterhouse of Harvard University brought Jenner’s smallpox preventative to the United States. It was called vaccination and used cowpox as the infective material. This much milder form of pox gave immunity to smallpox with fewer complications. Dr. Waterhouse encouraged President-elect Thomas Jefferson to promote vaccination. Jefferson responded, “Every friend of humanity must look with pleasure on this discovery, by which one evil more is withdrawn from the condition of man.” (T. Jefferson 12/25/1800 to Benjamin Waterhouse, December 25, 1800) Historians have found evidence of smallpox as far back as 1157 B.C. when the Egyptian pharaoh Ramses V apparently died of smallpox. From Egypt, where scientists believe smallpox began, the disease spread to Asia. Europeans began to experience periodic epidemics of smallpox in the14th century when Crusaders returning from the Middle East brought smallpox to Europe. People who survived the disease were immune and could not get smallpox again. This fact explains why epidemics struck periodically and the disease was not a constant threat to European societies. Smallpox Vaccination 1803 Image 4: Dr. Edward Jenner’s new smallpox vaccination (from cowpox) was widely accepted. This medical image was published by a Spanish physician to teach colonial doctors how to apply the vaccine to native Mexicans. The scratches were supposed to go through several stages of development as evidence that the vaccine had given the patient immunity. Vaccination was very effective in preventing smallpox epidemics among those who received the vaccine. In 1520, while Cortés was trying to conquer the Aztecs, smallpox broke out among the Spaniards and was transferred to the Aztecs. By 1527, the disease had migrated through Central America to Peru where it helped Pizarro conquer the Incas. (See Image 1.) In 1633, smallpox infected American Indians living near the English colony of Plymouth, Massachusetts. The disease traveled very quickly to tribes living far inland from the English colonies. In 1721, a smallpox epidemic threatened the English colonists of Boston. (See Image 2.) Cotton Mather, a Boston minister, wanted to inoculate people against the disease. He knew that Turkish healers took material from a dried smallpox scab and injected it into the body of a healthy person by scratching the surface of the skin. The patients developed a mild form of the disease from which they recovered. The procedure was highly controversial in Boston where about 280 Bostonians accepted inoculation. The epidemic infected more than half of the people living in Boston at the time. About 15% of those who got sick died of the disease. Among those who were inoculated, only six (2%) died of smallpox. The practice of inoculation spread to other English colonies, but not to the American Indian tribes living near the colonies. Late in the 18th century, British doctor Edward Jenner recognized that people who milked cows never came down with smallpox. They had already been infected with cowpox, a similar, but much milder disease that gave them immunity to smallpox. In 1796, Jenner inoculated a young man with cowpox virus he had collected from a milkmaid. The young man had a mild infection for less than 24 hours and recovered. Jenner’s efforts resulted in a widespread acceptance of vaccination (vaccine comes from Latin words meaning “taken from a cow”). By 1800, many Americans were receiving smallpox vaccinations. (See Image 3.) President Thomas Jefferson supported and encouraged the vaccination program in major American cities. (See Image 4.) By the middle of the 19th century, smallpox was under control, but broke out from time to time among unvaccinated people. Bismarck, Dakota Territory, experienced a small outbreak of smallpox in 1882. American Indians, however, were still subject to the disease in its most dangerous form.

25/1 iWONDER AB junior mod 2 unit 4 p 22 B(My wonder words 2) dict 18

25/1 iWONDER AB junior mod 2 unit 4 p 22 A(My wonder words 2) dict 18

SS Unit 1 Chapter 3 Day 2 9/18/25

الحركة : « هي تغير موضع الجسم بمرور الزمن بالنسبة لموضع جسم آخر » لاحظ ان الجسم الساكن لا يتغير موضعه بمرور الزمن و الجسم المتحرك يتغير موضعه بمرور الزمن - تعتبر الحركة في خط مستقيم وفي اتجاه واحد هي أبسط أنواع الحركة . الحركة في اتجاه واحد هي حركة الجسم للأمام أو للخلف في مسار مستقيم أو منحني أو كلاهما - من أمثلة الحركة في اتجاه واحد حركة القطار و حركة المترو . علل ؟ ......... - يستخدم مصطلح السرعة لوصف حركة الأجسام و تقاس بوحدة م / ث أو كم / ساعة . - تعتمد سرعة الجسم على عاملين هما المسافة و الزمن . « هي المسافة المقطوعة خلال وحدة الزمن » أو« المعدل الزمني للتغير في المسافة » السرعة (ع ) = ( ( ف )المسافة)/(( ز ) الزمـن ) وتقاس بوحدة م/ث أو كم/س للتحويل من (كم / س إلى م / ث ) نضرب × 5/18 وللعكس نضرب × 18/5 مثال : 1- السيارة التي سرعتها ٩٠كم / س تكون سرعتها ٢٥ م / ث ( 90 × 5/18 = 25 م/ث ) ٢- السيارة التي سرعتها ۲۰ م / ث تكون سرعتها ۷۲ کم / س ملاحظات هامة 1- يتساوى مقدار السرعة مع مقدار المسافة عندما يساوي الزمن واحد صحيح . 2- يستخدم عداد السرعة في السيارات والطائرات لمعرفة مقدار السرعة مباشرة . 3- تتناسب السرعة طردياً مع المسافة عند ثبوت الزمن 4- تتناسب السرعة عكسيا مع الزمن عند ثبوت المسافة مثال : 1- احسب سرعة سيارة قطعت مسافة 80م خلال 4 ثواني 2- ما المسافة التي قطعها عداء يجري بسرعة 36 كم / س لمدة 8 ثواني 3- احسب الزمن الذي تستغرقه دراجة تتحرك بسرعة 27 كم/س لتقطع مسافة 100م السرعة المنتظمة السرعة الغير منتظمة السرعة التي يتحرك بها الجسم في خط مستقيم عندما يقطع مسافات متساوية في أزمنة متساوية السرعة التي يتحرك بها الجسم فيقطع مسافات متساوية في أزمنه غير متساوية علل / يصعب تحقيق السرعة المنتظمة عملياً ؟ - لأن سرعة السيارة تتغير بحسب أحوال الطريق فقد يكون مستقيماً أو منحنياً أو تركيباً منهما . - ما معنى أن / سيارة تتحرك بسرعة منتظمة مقدارها ۱۰۰ کم / س ؟ - معنى ذلك أن السيارة تتحرك في خط مستقيم بسرعة ثابتة بحيث تقطع مسافة 100 كيلومتر كل ساعة . - السرعة المتوسطة : « هي المسافة الكلية التي يقطعها الجسم المتحرك مقسومة على الزمن الكلي المستغرق لقطع هذه المسافة » أو « هي السرعة المنتظمة التي لو تحرك بها الجسم لقطع نفس المسافة في نفس الزمن » السرعة المتوسطة ( ع ) = ( الكلية المسافة )/( الكلي الزمن ) = م/ث « هي سرعة الجسم المتحرك بالنسبة لمراقب ساكن أو متحرك » - تعتمد السرعة النسبية لجسم ما على حالة المراقب وسرعته حساب السرعة النسبية لجسم متحرك 1- المراقب ساكن ( ثابت ) السرعة النسبية = السرعة الفعلية 2- المراقب متحرك في نفس الاتجاه السرعة النسبية = الفرق بين السرعتين ( نطرح ) 3- المراقب متحرك في عكس الاتجاه السرعة النسبية = مجموع السرعتيـن ( نجمع ) احفظ وافهم جيداً: لإيجاد السرعة النسبية في عكس الاتجاه ( نجمع ) علل / تبدو السيارة المتحركة بسرعة ما بالنسبة لمراقب متحرك بنفس سرعتها وفي نفس اتجاهها وكأنها ساكنة - لأن السرعة النسبية في هذه الحالة تساوي الفرق بين سرعتيهما = صفر أمثلة: 1- يتحرك جسم في خط مستقيم بسرعه ٣ م/ث مسافه ٣٠ مترا ، ثم يتحرك علي نفس الخط لمسافه 1٢٠ م و بسرعه ٦ م/ث . احسب السرعه المتوسطه التي يتحرك بها الجسم خلال هذه الرحله . 2- سيارتان تتحركان فى نفس الاتجاه الاولى بسرعة 30 كم /س والثانية بسرعة 50 كم /س :- أ- احسب السرعة النسبية للسيارة الثانية بالنسبة : 1- لمراقب يقف على الرصيف. 2- لمراقب يجلس داخل السيارة الاولى ماذا تستنتج مما سبق ؟

B-Senior Units 7&8 σελίδα 25 # 29,30,32,33,34 27 #1-18

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