In gene cloning, a bacterial cell is used to make several copies of a gene of interest. Which of the following process is involved?

  Which of the following splits or cuts the DNA to obtain the targeted gene?

Which of the following refers to the process of attaching fragments of DNA from different sources?

One of the earliest developments in the field of recombinant DNA technology is the production of insulin used in the treatment of diabetes. Outline the production process of human insulin by genetic engineering method by arranging these steps in correct order.

I. Human insulin-producing gene is inserted into the bacterial plasmid vector to form the recombinant DNA of human insulin-producing gene.

II. A plasmid DNA is extracted from a bacterium and cut with restriction enzyme, forming plasmid vector.

III. Introduce this recombinant DNA into a bacterial cell to form the recombinant bacterium.

IV. The recombinant bacteria multiply in a fermentation tank and produce human insulin. Insulin is extracted, purified and bottled. It is then ready to be injected into diabetic patients.

V. Human insulin is extracted from pancreas cells and an insulin-producing gene is isolated.

Living cells follow a specific hierarchy of command in directing the traits of the individual. What will happen to the new individual cell as a new engineered DNA was introduced to it?

1.    Analyze the two statements. What can you infer from these?

I. Genetically modified plants have created resistance to harmful agents, enhanced product yield, and shown increased adaptability for better survival

II. Recombinant DNA technology has applications in various area like medicine focusing in the discoveries of medicine to cure and improve human health and nutrition

How will you describe the Geologic Time Scale?

In the history of life on Earth, how will you describe the earliest life-forms that had existed?

Geologic time is a tool used by geologists to determine the history of the earth. It is the standard timeline that describes the age of rocks and fossils that are formed on the Earth's surface. When rock sand geologic events are described chronologically without emphasizing the actual dates, what time of geologic time is obtained?

Green salagubang are easily spotted by birds that may feed on them. Since salagubang usually lives on logs and warm dark areas or part of a tree, over the course of time those with green colors became scarce after being easily eaten by prey such as birds. The surviving brown salagubang passed on their genes to their offspring which is why most of the salagubang that you see around are brown or dark-colored. Which of the following mechanism is shown in this scenario?

When male lions reach sexual maturity, they leave their group and migrate in search of a new pride. This can alter the allele frequencies of the population through which of the following mechanisms?

How will you differentiate artificial selection from natural selection?

One of his main studied specimens are the birdwing butterflies which helped him to also theorized on the divergence of species from a single original species, he reasoned that struggle for existence of the organisms lead to such process.

Explain how patterns of descent with modification from common ancestors produce the organismal diversity of the present.

Which among the following best explain the fossil records as an evidence of evolution?

How will you differentiate analogous structures from homologous structures as evidence of evolution?

How will you use biogeography as an evidence to infer evolutionary relationship?

Fox and polar bears which are distant relatives both developed white colored fur to adapt to the snowy environment where they habituate. These body structures are identified as:

Exactly different organisms such fish and humans may have resemblances during the early stage of their development and will lose some key likenesses as they grow in later stage of development, which among the following is the line of evidence and field of study that under lie the said concept for evolution?

The human arm, the cat’s foreleg, the whale’s flipper and the bat’s wings have different functions but have the same features or bone structures. This indicates that these organisms inherited this developmental pattern from a common ancestor. What can you infer from this character?

Boa constrictors, a kind of snake has a remnant of what appears to be rudimentary/simple hindlegs, what type of body structure are these?

How are prokaryotes (archaea and bacteria) different from eukaryotes (eukarya)?

Explain how the structural and developmental structures of organisms may be used to determine the evolutionary relationship between organisms

In a cladogram, how will you deduce DNA sequence relations between organisms?

How will describe the tree of life?

How will you differentiate phenetics from cladistics?

Enumerate the hierarchal taxonomic classification of life on Earth in correct order.

What evidence/s can be used to identify the difference of one taxon from other taxa to be appropriately classified in accordance to their phylogeny?

Which part of a cladogram represent a hypothetical younger common ancestor before branching or new speciation occur?

A rooted cladogram represents a common ancestor with all of its descendants, which of the following is needed to serve as a reference group to identify the common ancestor before branching for the set of organisms occur?