During a total solar eclipse, viewers can safely remove their eclipse glasses during what stage?

What are the long, dark bands separated by white spaces that can be seen just before and after totality?

What appears around the Moon's edges as the Moon continues to move across the Sun during a total solar eclipse?

What signals viewers to stop looking directly at the eclipse and put their eclipse glasses back on during the final stages?

When is the moment that none of the Sun is covered by the Moon's shadow, indicating the end of the eclipse?