2ND PERIODICAL TEST IN SMAW 9/10

Fusion imperfections can occur when the weld metal fails to fuse completely with the sidewall of the joint.

Is a vitreous material that occurs as a byproduct of stick welding, flux-cored arc welding and submerged arc welding. Does can occur when the flux, which is the solid shielding material used when welding, melts in the weld or on the surface of the weld zone.

Root fusion is when the weld fails to fuse one side of the joint in the root.

This welding imperfection is the groove formation at the weld toe, reducing the cross-sectional thickness of the base metal. The result is the weakened weld and workpiece.

The trapped gases create a bubble-filled weld that becomes weak and can with time collapse.

Works with fillet weld in vertical and overhead positions. It can also be used for deep groove welds for the hot pass.

Often used in flat position weld on butt, tee, and outside corner joints for build-up and surfacing application.

Good for most flat welds but they can also be used for vertical position. They can also be used if there is a large gap to be filled.

Works well on Flat and Horizontal positions.

Used as cover passes in flat and vertical Positions

They are the easiest to use among the electrodes and come with a thick flux, and their powder content is high. They have minimal penetration, producing a smooth and quiet arc with fewer spatters.

These electrodes have the same joint penetration as the 6012 and are suitable for use on carbon and low- alloy steel. They have a high amount of iron powder, hence increasing the depositing rate

These are only usable with DC power as they come with a high cellulose sodium coating, have deep penetration, and can also pass through dusty, rusty, and oily metals including those with paint.

These have a high cellulose potassium coating hence can use an Alternating Current (AC) as well as a DC+ current.

These are also all position electrodes that work well in gap-bridging applications between joints. They are also used for high speed and high current fillet welds done horizontally