1.A photography student replaces the red darkroom bulb with a blue LED of the same brightness. The films become partially exposed. Which statements correctly explain this outcome? I. Blue light has higher frequency than red light. II. Blue photons carry more energy than red photons. III. Film exposure depends on photon energy. IV. Brightness alone determines exposure.

2.If the student lowers the intensity of the blue light but keeps the color the same: I. Photon energy remains the same. II. The number of photons decreases. III. The risk of exposure depends only on intensity. IV. Frequency determines energy per photon.

3.Two friends spend time under sunlight. One blocks UV rays and does not get sunburned. I.UV light has higher frequency than visible light. II.UV photons have higher energy. III. High-energy photons can damage molecular bonds. IV.UV has longer wavelength than red light.

4.If sunlight intensity increases but UV is filtered out: I. Risk of sunburn significantly decreases. II. Visible light photons have less energy than UV. III. Intensity alone determines biological damage. IV. Frequency is critical in determining photon energy.

5.A violet laser ejects electrons but a red laser of equal power does not. I. Violet frequency exceeds threshold frequency. II. Photon energy depends on frequency. III. Red intensity is irrelevant if frequency is too low. IV. Increasing red intensity will always eject electrons.

6. For equal power red and violet lasers: I. Violet photons carry more energy individually. II. Red must emit more photons per second. III. Photon number depends on energy per photon. IV. All photons have equal energy regardless of color.

8.White light passes through a prism and spreads into colors. I. Different colors have different wavelengths. II. Different wavelengths travel at different speeds in glass. III. Frequency changes inside prism. IV. Refraction depends on wavelength.

9.Double-slit experiment produces bright and dark fringes. I. Superposition of waves occurs. II. Constructive and destructive interference occur. III. Particle-only explanation is sufficient. IV. Light behaves as a wave.

10. A student claims wave model explains everything. I. Wave model explains diffraction. II. Wave model explains reflection. III. Wave model fully explains photoelectric effect. IV. Photon concept explains quantized energy.

11. If frequency doubles: I. Photon energy doubles. II. Wavelength decreases. III. Speed in vacuum changes. IV. Energy is proportional to frequency.

12. Increasing intensity while keeping color constant means: I. Frequency remains constant. II. Photon energy remains constant. III. Number of photons increases. IV. Wavelength increases.

13. Human cone cells detect color because: I. Different wavelengths stimulate different cones. II. Frequency determines photon energy. III. Higher frequency means higher photon energy. IV. All visible light has equal energy.

14. UV light causes more biological damage because: I. It has higher frequency. II. It has higher photon energy. III. It can break molecular bonds. IV. It has longer wavelength than red.

15. Refraction occurs because: I. Light changes speed in new medium. II. Wavelength changes. III. Frequency changes. IV. Bending is due to speed change.

16. Photoelectric effect shows: I. Energy is quantized. II. Photon energy depends on frequency. III. Intensity determines electron energy. IV. Threshold frequency exists.

17. Violet light compared to red light: I. Has shorter wavelength. II. Has higher frequency. III. Has greater photon energy. IV. Has equal photon energy.

18. If photon energy increases: I. Frequency increases. II. Wavelength decreases. III. Speed in vacuum increases. IV. Energy is proportional to frequency.

19. Increasing brightness of same color means: I. More photons emitted. II. Same photon energy. III. Higher frequency. IV. Same wavelength.

20. Complete understanding of light requires: I. Wave model for interference. II. Particle model for photoelectric effect. III. Photon energy proportional to frequency. IV. Only one classical explanation.