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Grade 3

Indentify and use antonyms, synonyms, homographs, and homophones

3.4.C Identify and use antonyms, synonyms, homographs, and homophones

One Giant Paper Airplane
1. The Wright brothers made their famous first airplane flight in North Carolina in 1903. More than 100 years later, 12-year-old Arturo Valdenegro enjoyed his own kind of fame when a giant paper airplane that he helped design flew over the desert in Arizona.

The Great Paper Airplane Fly-Off
2. Arturo’s adventure started with a contest called the Great Paper Airplane Fly-Off. It was organized by the Pima Air and Space Museum in Tucson, Arizona. The goal of the contest is to help children learn more about how airplanes fly and to encourage them to explore science and inventing.

3. The rules of the contest say that all airplanes have to be constructed from one piece of letter-size paper. The paper can be folded and cut as many times as needed. But the finished plane cannot contain any glue, tape, staples, or paper clips.

4. Arturo and about 200 other children ages 6 to 14 entered the contest. The winner of the contest would be the person who made the paper airplane that flew the farthest.

5. The 2012 Great Paper Airplane Fly-Off had four rounds of competition. In the first three rounds, the children were put into small groups and took turns flying their planes. The plane that flew the farthest in each group was the winner of the round. Each winner went to the next round and repeated the same process. But the final round was different. The children did not fly their own paper airplanes. Instead, a paper-airplane Guinness World Record holder named Ken Blackburn flew each of the planes. Arturo’s paper airplane flew the farthest. He won the contest. But winning was just the start of his adventure.
  
Arturo’s Desert Eagle
6. As part of the contest, the winner’s plane design was used to create a giant paper airplane. The museum brought together a team of experts to build a much larger version of Arturo’s airplane, with Arturo’s help. They used a similar design but with materials that could fly higher and farther than a small paper airplane. The team built the huge plane out of a strong type of paper. By the time the plane was finished, it was 45 feet long and weighed 800 pounds. They named it Arturo’s Desert Eagle.

7. The next step was to see whether the giant paper airplane could fly. At 800 pounds this plane was too heavy to throw like a typical paper airplane. Instead, a helicopter lifted the plane into the air with a strong chain. Once the plane reached a height of 2,703 feet, it was released over an open, unpopulated area in the desert. During its short flight the plane reached a speed of 98 miles per hour. Then it crashed into the desert. It was a messy landing, with broken parts scattered all over the ground. But because the plane flew for six seconds, the team had a reason to celebrate.
  
The Museum Display
8. Arturo’s Desert Eagle will not be forgotten. A part of the wing and several other pieces are now on permanent display at the Pima Air and Space Museum. The museum plans to continue offering its paper airplane contest to young scientists. The museum hopes that Arturo’s Desert Eagle will inspire young paper airplane designers to practice their skills. Just like Arturo, their winning designs may soar into history one day!

Kwan’s Secret Talent

1. “Kwan, isn’t that your art teacher?” Halmoni said, pointing at a woman walking out of the grocery store.

2. Kwan waved, and Mrs. Gibbs walked over to him and his grandmother. “It’s very nice to see you,” Mrs. Gibbs said. Then she saw the cloths wrapped around the groceries Kwan and his grandmother were loading into their van. “Oh, how beautiful!” she exclaimed.

3. “Thank you. These are pojagi, or Korean wrapping cloths,” Halmoni explained. “Kwan and I embroider them together.”

4. Kwan looked away. Although he enjoyed helping Halmoni make the cloths, he didn’t want anyone at school to know about it.

5. “In Korea, they are mostly used to wrap gifts or cover food. Kwan and I use them to carry our groceries,” Halmoni continued.

6. “Kwan, you should bring your cloths to school tomorrow. Your classmates would enjoy seeing them. You have a unique skill,” Mrs. Gibbs said.

7. Kwan appreciated his teacher’s comments, but he was hesitant. The kids might laugh at the idea of a boy who liked to stitch patterns with a needle and thread. He thought about the pojagi. His grandmother’s wide smile showed how proud of him she would be for sharing this Korean custom.

8. “O.K. I’ll bring some to class tomorrow,” Kwan replied quietly.

9. Kwan usually spent some time each evening working on a cloth, but that evening he did not. Halmoni sensed that something was wrong. “Kwan, are you worried about tomorrow?” she asked.

10. Kwan stared at the floor. “What are the other kids going to think?” he said. “This isn’t the kind of thing they do for fun. Creating embroidered patterns isn’t like playing an instrument or a sport.”

11. “You’re right,” Halmoni said. “It is different. But that is why it is so special.” Then she brought out a fine cloth with detailed floral designs.

12. “When your grandfather and I were married, we received a gift from his mother wrapped in this cloth she made. In Korea gifts given in wrapping cloths are extra special because they are a symbol of love and good luck. Even though the cloths have many uses today, they also have a rich history,” she explained.

13. The next morning Kwan took several wrapping cloths to school. During art class his heart began to beat faster. He knew Mrs. Gibbs would eventually call on him. Just as he began to hope time would run out, he heard his name. As Kwan walked to the front of the room, his face felt hot. His hands trembled as he took the cloths out of his backpack. Kwan took a deep breath and began to tell the class about the cloths. Then he showed everyone how to use a needle and thread to stitch a tree design onto a cloth. His classmates just stared.

14. When he finished, he saw a classmate’s hand shoot into the air. Kwan held his breath as Mrs. Gibbs called on Greg.

15. “Wow, Kwan! I can’t believe you did that by yourself,” Greg said. “That looks awesome.”

16. Then a student named Carrie spoke up. “My sister is learning to sew in one of her high school classes, but she’s not all that good,” Carrie said. “She brought home something she made the other day, and I couldn’t even tell what it was!”

17. As Kwan listened to his classmates, he noticed that his forehead no longer felt hot.

18. “I thought you would be interested in Kwan’s cloths, so I brought some extra material,” Mrs. Gibbs said. “Let’s have Kwan show us how the cloths are used to wrap and carry things.”

19. Several students said they wanted to use a cloth to carry their lunch to school. Soon, though, they realized they would need more practice if they didn’t want their sandwiches to end up on the sidewalk.

20. “Folding these cloths is another real talent,” Mrs. Gibbs said, laughing as her cloth came undone. “Kwan, you’ll have to give us more lessons on cloth folding.”

21. “This isn’t as easy as it looks,” David said. “Kwan, you must be a professional wrapper!” Kwan smiled as he walked around the room helping his classmates.

A New Way to Play

1. Children grasp metal bars as the merry-go-round spins. One child jumps off and gives his friends a push. This is not an ordinary merry-go-round, however. It’s a PlayPump, and it’s unlike the merry-go-round you may see at a park. These PlayPumps offer hope to people in southern Africa.

2. Getting clean water in some areas of Africa is difficult. PlayPumps make it easier to get water needed for cooking, bathing, and drinking. This new water system can bring fresh, healthful water to many people living in southern Africa. A man named Trevor Field wanted to do something to help people in the parts of Africa where clean water can be hard to find. So he teamed up with an inventor, and together they created PlayPump.

3. The way a PlayPump works is simple. Children push the merry-go-round, and the energy the merry-go-round makes helps draw water up from deep underground. The water then travels to a large tower, where it is stored in a tank. Finally the water is routed to a tap that controls the flow of the water. People in the community are able to use the tap to get the fresh water they need.

4. Making sure the pumps work correctly can be expensive. However, Field found a creative way to help maintain them. Since the storage tank is tall and rectangular, he thought that all four of its sides could be used to advertise to the community or make public announcements. Two sides of the tank may show tips for good health, such as how to wash your hands. The other two sides show advertisements from businesses. These businesses pay to have their messages on the tank. The money they pay is used to help keep the pumps working properly.

5. PlayPumps can be used in areas where there is already a water source nearby. The pumps are usually located near schools or community centers. This allows families to collect water whenever they choose. Having clean water close by helps families stay healthy. PlayPumps also give children a chance to play.

6. People in southern Africa are excited about the PlayPumps. Not only do the pumps make clean water readily available, but the water is also easy to access. Several other companies have also decided to build and install these pumps in some countries in southern Africa. With PlayPumps, clean water just may be one spin closer.

How PlayPumps Work
1. Children play on the merry-go-round.
2. The pump begins working.
3. Underground water is brought up through pipes.
4. The water is stored in a tank.
5. The tap allows people to get the water.
6. Any extra water in the tank drains down a pipe and back underground to keep it clean.
7. Companies and communities add messages to the outside of the tank.

Pants 
by Mordicai Gerstein 

We go everywhere  (1)
together.  (2)
You carry my treasures  (3)
for me.  (4)
When I find grass (5)
on your knees and (6)
sand in your pockets, (7)
I know where I’ve been. (8)
We go everywhere together (9) 
except (10)
the washing machine. (11)
“Don’t let them (12)
put me in there!” (13)
you beg. (14)
“Or at least (15)
come with me!” (16)
But all I can do (17)
is watch you go round (18)
and round (19)
in the little window, (20)
tumbling in the suds, (21)
like me (22)
when I’m caught (23)
in an ocean wave. (24)
I hear your buttons (25)
clicking in (26)
the spinning dryer. (27)
You emerge, limp (28)
and lifeless, (29)
till I slip my legs (30)
inside you.  (31)
You’re alive again! (32)
Eager (33)
for our next (34)
adventure! (35)

Measures 1 skill from
Grade 3
ELAR (2009)
Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS)

Our brand new solo games combine with your quiz, on the same screen

Measures 1 skill fromGrade 3ELAR (2009)Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS)

Our brand new solo games combine with your quiz, on the same screen

Measures 1 skill from
Grade 3
ELAR (2009)
Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS)