Question 1

This hormone is released from the hypothalamus and stimulates cells in the anterior pituitary.

Accepted Answer

GnRH

Answer

FSH

Answer

LH

Answer

Estrogen

Question 2

What is the primary function of estrogen in females?

Accepted Answer

Regulate the menstrual cycle

Answer

Regulates the calcium level

Answer

Regulation of blood sugar levels

Answer

Regulation of cholesterol levels

Question 3

What is testosterone?

Accepted Answer

A male hormone essential for sexual and reproductive development

Answer

A psychological term that is only used by clinicians to determine one's risk of mental illnessSave Answer

Answer

A drug doctors give us to treat depression

Answer

a specific hormone is released by the hypothalamus which triggers the pituitary gland

Question 4

Why is progesterone important to the female body?

Accepted Answer

It inhibits muscular contractions of the uterus that would result in the rejection of the adhering egg.

Answer

It aids in the development of the ovarian follicle.

Answer

It causes the thickening of the endometrium to prepare the uterus for pregnancy.

Answer

It causes the egg cell to be released from the ovary.

Question 5

Which of the following is not related to estrogen function?

Accepted Answer

Encourages fluid depletion.

Answer

Influences the production of cervical mucous and the structure of the vaginal epithelium.

Answer

Assists in the maturation of the ovarian follicles.

Answer

Development of female secondary sex characteristics such as widening of the hips, growth of breasts, and uterus.

Question 6

Which hormones are released by the pituitary gland and play the central role in both male and female reproductive functions?

Accepted Answer

Luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormoneSave Answer

Answer

Testosterone and follicle-stimulating hormone

Answer

Progesterone and luteinizing hormone

Answer

Estrogen and testosterone

Question 7

What role does FSH play in the reproductive systems of both males and females?

Accepted Answer

FSH supports the development of ovarian follicles while stimulating the production of sperm cells in males.

Answer

FSH triggers ovulation in females while it promotes testosterone production in males.

Answer

FSH stimulates the production of estrogen in females while stimulating the production of sperm cells in males.

Answer

FSH regulates the thickening of endometrium in females while stimulating sperm production in males.

Question 8

Which of these events is NOT correctly matched with the time when it occurs?

Accepted Answer

LH surge - day 21

Answer

corpus luteum formed - days 14-26

Answer

beginning of menses - day 1

Answer

ovulation - day 14

Question 9

Which statement/s is/are TRUE about the menstrual cycle?

I. During menstruation, the entire endometrium is shed.

II. The menstrual cycle typically lasts 28 days for every individual.

III. In a normal menstrual cycle, ovulation would take place at day 7.

IV. The corpus luteum develops and produces progesterone around the 14th day of the menstrual cycle.

Accepted Answer

IV only

Answer

I and III

Answer

II, III, and IV

Answer

II and IV

Question 10

Arrange the following events from days 1 to 28 of the female reproductive cycle.

I. The endometrium regrows

II. The corpus luteum deteriorates

III. Ovulation takes place

IV. The endometrium breaks down

Accepted Answer

IV, I, III, II

Answer

I, III, II, IV

Answer

II, IV, III, I

Answer

II, I, III, IV

Question 11

Which of the following hormones is CORRECTLY matched?

Accepted Answer

FSH: maturation of egg; LH: ovulation

Answer

FSH : maturation of egg ; LH : thickening of endometrium

Answer

FSH: ovulation; LH: maturation of egg

Answer

FSH: thickening of endometrium; LH: ovulation

Question 12

Progesterone is one of the steroid hormones. It is secreted by the corpus luteum and by the placenta. Which of the following is the function of progesterone?

Accepted Answer

It prepares the uterus for possible pregnancy.

Answer

It causes the egg cells to be released from the ovary.

Answer

It causes the shedding of the uterine lining leading to menstruation.

Answer

It causes the development of the ovarian follicle.

Question 13

The cause of menses in the menstrual cycle is ______________.

Accepted Answer

decreased progesterone and estrogen secretion by the ovary.

Answer

increased estrogen secretion from the ovary, which stimulates the muscles of the uterus to contract.

Answer

increased progesterone production from the ovary, which produces blood clotting.

Answer

decreased production of oxytocin, causing the muscles of the uterus to relax.

Question 14

Which of the following represents the correct order of events during the menstrual cycle?

Accepted Answer

Menstruation, FSH rise, LH surge, ovulation, luteal phase

Answer

Luteal phase, menstruation, FSH rise, ovulation, follicular phase

Answer

FSH rise, ovulation, LH surge, luteal phase, menstruation

Answer

Follicular phase, luteal phase, FSH rise, ovulation, menstruation

Question 15

The feedback which is important for pregnancy to progress is __________.

Accepted Answer

LH stimulates the corpus luteum to develop, which produces progesterone. Progesterone inhibits the further release of LH.

Answer

After FSH has stimulated follicle development, negative feedback keeps FSH concentration low.

Answer

Estrogen stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to release LH and stimulates the ovary to release more estrogen.

Answer

FSH stimulates the ovary to release estrogen, but estrogen inhibits the production of FSH.

Question 16

The nervous system of the body is divided into __________________.

Accepted Answer

Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

Answer

Brain and spinal cord

Answer

Central nervous system and autonomic nervous system

Answer

Peripheral nervous system and the brain

Question 17

The ______________ nervous system controls voluntary responses while the _______________ nervous system controls involuntary responses.

Accepted Answer

Somatic, Autonomic

Answer

Parasympathetic, Sympathetic

Answer

Autonomic, Somatic

Answer

Sympathetic, Parasympathetic

Question 18

Which of the following is controlled by the parasympathetic nervous system?

Accepted Answer

Breathing, heartbeat, sweating, digestionSave Answer

Answer

Blood pressure, body temperature, eye movement, speech

Answer

Movement, metabolism, growth, excretion

Answer

Walking, running, jumping, dancing

Question 19

The diagram below represents the actions of two hormones in the human body. The diagram illustrates ___________.

Accepted Answer

feedback

Answer

recombination

Answer

deletion

Answer

stimulation

Question 20

Moving your finger away from a sharp piece of glass that cuts your skin is a reflex response that is controlled by _______________.

Accepted Answer

spinal cord

Answer

the cerebrum

Answer

the medulla oblongata Save Answer

Answer

the brain

Question 21

Which sequence explains how different neurons communicate with one another?

Accepted Answer

Sensory-Interneuron-MotorSave Answer

Answer

Interneuron- Sensory- Motor

Answer

Sensory-Motor-Interneuron

Answer

Motor- Interneuron-Sensory

Question 22

Which of the following arrangements could explain the replication process of the DNA strand “ ATG CAA ATT GCT ”?

Accepted Answer

Replication fork – primer binding – TAC GTT TAA ACG – proofreading - termination

Answer

Replication fork – primer binding – proofreading – termination - TAC GTT TAA ACG

Save Answer

Answer

Primer binding – proofreading – replication fork - TAC GTT TAA ACG – termination

Answer

Primer binding - TAC GTT TAA ACG – replication fork – termination – proofreading

Question 23

Which of the following correctly describes the order in which cell components become involved in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase, mRNA, ribosome, tRNA

Answer

mRNA, RNA polymerase, ribosome, tRNA

Answer

DNA polymerase, mRNA, ribosome, tRNA

Answer

RNA polymerase, mRNA, tRNA, ribosome

Question 24

What is the complementary strand sequence if the leading strand sequence of DNA is TTA CCG ATC GAA?

Accepted Answer

AAT GGC TAG CTTSave Answer

Answer

GCG CCG ATG GUA

Answer

TCG CCC AUG CUA

Answer

UAU CCG AUG CUA

Question 25

To cause a frameshift mutation, which of the following must occur?

Accepted Answer

One or two nucleotides must be inserted or deleted in the coding region.

Answer

A missense mutation causes the insertion of a hydrophobic amino acid.

Answer

The insertion of three nucleotides into the coding region.

Answer

A substitution mutation leading the insertion of a U for a G.

Question 26

Which type of mutation is being described by the DNA sequence above?

Original DNA Sequence: TACACCT TGGCGACGACT

Mutated DNA Sequence: TACGACCTTGGCGACGACT

Accepted Answer

Insertion Mutation

Answer

Deletion Mutation

Answer

Frameshift Mutation

Answer

Substitution Mutation

Question 27

How does nonsense mutation affect protein production in the cell?

Accepted Answer

It shortens amino acid sequence

Answer

It shortens the chromosomal strand.

Answer

It changes the base sequence but similar amino acid.

Answer

It changes the amino acid sequence.

Question 28

The deletion mutation happens during the transcription of the DNA strand AAA TCG AGG CCA. How does this kind of mutation change the information needed for making protein?

Accepted Answer

The mRNA UUU AGC UCG GU is the byproduct of transcription as deletion occur.

Answer

The transcribed mRNA contains the codon of UUU AGC UCA CGG.

Answer

It transcribed the DNA into mRNA AAA TCG AGC CA

Answer

The by-product of the protein chain upon deletion is AAA TCG AGA GCC A.

Question 29

What is it called when genetic material is exchanged between non-homologous chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Translocation

Answer

Recombination

Answer

Substitution

Answer

Replication

Question 30

Which is not true about fossils?

Accepted Answer

They look exactly like modern-day species, regardless of their age.

Answer

The older the fossils, the less they resemble modern-day species.

Answer

They indicate that life has a history.

Answer

They are evidence of life in the past.

Question 31

Radioactive isotopes can be used to estimate the ages of fossils and rocks. The method is called radioactive dating. Which of the following radioactive elements is used to measure the absolute age of fossils through their radioactive decay?

Accepted Answer

Carbon-14

Answer

Cobalt-60Save Answer

Answer

Protium

Answer

Uranium-238

Question 32

Which pair of animals shows a correct example of homologous structures?

Accepted Answer

flipper of a whale and the forelimb of a lizard.

Answer

human and whale pelvis

Answer

wings of bats and birds

Answer

tongue of a frog and proboscis of a mosquito

Question 33

What is the reason why humans, birds, and whales have similar arm bones?

Accepted Answer

They have a common ancestor.

Answer

They live in similar environments.

Answer

All organisms resemble humans

Answer

The functions of these bones are the same in all animals.

Question 34

Which of the following statements explains why the wings of the bird and butterfly are said to be analogous structures?

Accepted Answer

The structure of the unrelated species may evolve to look alike and adapt to similar functions.

Answer

The limb bones of these organisms are anatomically identical.

Answer

Birds evolved from a lineage of butterflies.

Answer

They have structures that are similar due to common ancestry.

Question 35

An evidence of evolution that shows the similarities and differences in the embryos of different species.

Accepted Answer

Embryonic Development

Answer

Homologous structures

Answer

Vestigial structuresSave Answer

Answer

Analogous structures

Question 36

Which phrase does NOT describe the process of evolution?

Accepted Answer

The change of simple to complex organisms.

Answer

The development of characteristics in response to a need.

Answer

The change in the number of individuals in a given population through time.

Answer

Change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations.

Question 37

Where can most of the fossils be found?

Accepted Answer

Sedimentary rocks

Answer

Granite rocks

Answer

Ice

Answer

Resin

Question 38

A scientist is using an isotope to determine the age of a fossil. What method of dating is the scientist using?

Accepted Answer

Absolute dating

Answer

Law of superposition

Answer

Fossil correlation

Answer

Relative dating

Question 39

Which of the following statements explains Lamarck’s Theory of Evolution?

Accepted Answer

Acquired characteristics are inherited and propagated by the next generation.

Answer

Body structures develop because they are used extensively.

Answer

Organisms change in response to their environment.

Answer

Body structures develop because of mutation.

Question 40

Which is NOT a component of the Theory of Evolution by natural selection?

Accepted Answer

Acquired characteristics are inherited

Answer

Competition for food and space

Answer

Survival and reproduction

Answer

Variation among species

Question 41

Which is TRUE about Lamarck and Darwin's Theory of Evolution?

Accepted Answer

Living things change to be better suited and adapted to their environment.

Answer

There is an internal vital force in all organisms.

Answer

New needs or desires produce new structures.

Answer

An organ can develop further or degenerate only due to continuous variations.

Question 42

Which two processes promote biodiversity?

Accepted Answer

speciation and mutation

Answer

sexual reproduction and natural selection

Answer

genetic drift and isolation

Answer

survival and extinction

Question 43

How does low species diversity affect an ecosystem’s ability to adapt?

Accepted Answer

It decreases the ecosystem’s ability to adapt by reducing the range of traits and adaptations available.

Answer

It does not affect the ecosystem’s ability to adapt.

Answer

It decreases the ecosystem’s ability to adapt by reducing the number of available niches.

Answer

It increases the ecosystem’s ability to adapt by reducing competition between species.

Question 44

Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE regarding the logistic growth model?

Accepted Answer

The logistic growth model is not realistic.

Answer

The logistic growth of a population is represented by an S-shaped sigmoid growth curve.

Answer

In a logistic growth model, a population in a habitat has limited resources.

Answer

In this model, the rate of change of population density is represented as dN/dt = rN.

Question 45

Which of these statements explains the relationship between population growth and carrying capacity?

Accepted Answer

The population grows exponentially when there are unlimited resources. However, as the population reaches the carrying capacity of the environment, resources become limited. Hence, population growth slows down and stops.

Answer

The population grows exponentially when there are unlimited resources. However, as the population reaches the carrying capacity of the environment, resources become limited. Hence, population growth further expands.

Answer

The population grows logistically when there are limited resources. However, as the population reaches the carrying capacity of the environment, resources become unlimited. Hence, population growth slows down and stops.

Answer

The population grows logistically and then exponentially when there are limited resources.

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