It relates to the recruitment, selection, development, training and compensation of the managerial personnel.

It is the moving of employees to similar positions in the other work units.

It is the moving of employees from low position to higher position in the organisation. It is also called vertical movement upward direction.

It includes creating a vision, focus and direction for the organization that will encourage employees to work at high levels and to ensure their activities are coordinated to achieve maximum results for the organization.

It is a systematic exercise which is called as a process of checking actual performance against the standards or plans with a view to ensure adequate progress and also recording such experience as is gained as a contribution to possible future needs.

This theory states that there are certain characteristics or traits that help us lead effectively.

This theory looks for certain skill sets within a leader that make the leader successful.

This theory postulated that great leaders are born and not made.

This theory focuses on the different styles of leadership.

This theory argues that there is no one-size-fits-all model of leadership.

This theory understands that though a leader can and needs to adapt to the situation, the leader still defaults to his or her own style, personality, and approach.

This theory says that people will follow leadership if there is a fair and equitable transaction that takes place – if the incentives match what is required of them.

This theory states that leaders gain buy-in and commitment by encouraging, inspiring, and caring for their followers towards a vision.

This theory says that effective leadership occurs when there is a fair exchange between the leader and those being lead.

The leader is the servant of those he or she leads.

Leaders encourage and develop teams that show mutual respect and that sustains effort. They create an atmosphere of trust that encourages all to feel capable and engaged.

Leadership is about establishing a vision and then promoting that vision in their actions, thoughts, and speech.

Leaders do not settle for the status quo, they constantly seek improvement and take risks. They understand risk taking leads to mistakes and create a climate where mistakes are learning opportunities.

Leaders become role models and demonstrate, through action, how members of the organization should treat each other and their customers.

Leaders recognize and acknowledge contributions from others. They make people in the organization feel valued and needed.