the quantity of heat required to raise a unit mass of homogeneous material 1 K or 1 Cin a specified way, given constant pressure and volume

the point at which the sun is as far north or as far south of the equator as possible

a tracing of earthquake motion that is recorded by a seismograph

in Earth science, the amount of damage caused by an earthquake

the bending of rock layers due to stress

the attractive force between two bodies of different substances that are in contact with each other

the brightness of a star as seen from Earth

the motion of a body that travels around another body in space; one complete trip along an orbit

the change of state from a gas to a liquid

the lowest layer of the atmosphere, in which temperature decreases at constant rate as altitude increases