Little Johnny Wiggins fell down a well on the farm.  His family looked for him. Finally, at sundown, Mr. Wiggins found Johnny.  He had been trapped in the well for three hours.

CAUSE: Johnny Wiggins fell down a well.

What was the EFFECT?

Jessica wanted to be a dancer. She knew that dancers must work every day. She took dance lessons every Tuesday. She practiced a few hours each day.

EFFECT: Jessica practiced everyday.

What was the CAUSE?

The three men traveled on horse back.  It was a long journey.  They rode all day long.  It was dark when they reached the camp.

EFFECT: It was dark when the men reached camp.

What was the CAUSE?

Mark went on a fishing trip with his father.  His father caught three fish.  Mark caught two fish.  Mark's fish were so little that he had to throw them back.

CAUSE: Mark's fish were very small

What was the EFFECT?

Policeman sometimes use dogs to help them in their line of work. Dogs have a good sense of smell.  This makes them useful in tracking down outlaws.  Dogs can also help find stolen goods.

CAUSE: Dogs have a good sense of smell.

What was the EFFECT?

Identify the underlined phrase. My button was loose, so my grandmother sewed it on tightly.

Identify the underlined phrase. Jessica had a stomachache because she ate too many peanut butter cookies.

Identify the underlined  phrase. Since the weather was so hot, we went to the swimming pool.

Identify the underlined  phrase. My feet grew over the summer, so I needed new shoes.

Which of these shows a cause-and-effect relationship?

Which one of these sentences does not show a cause-and-effect relationship?

Cause and effect signal words is one way that can help to identify or find cause and effect relationships in writing and in text.

To compare means to explain how 2 or more items are....

To contrast means to explain how 2 or more items are...

Which signal word is used to compare?

Which signal word is used to contrast?

Which sentence compares lions and tigers?

Which sentence contrasts two ancient civilizations?

Which of the following items can be compared/contrasted?

This graphic organizer is used to show the comparison and contrast of two ideas or objects.