Plunge in stock market prices that marked the beginning of the Great Depression. Since many people had purchased stocks on credit, the market crashed

Depression shantytowns, named after the president whom many blamed for their financial distress, because he opposed direct federal aid for the unemployed

the economic crisis beginning with the stock market crash in 1929 and continuing through the 1930s

FDR's response to the banking crisis. He closed all banks until they were fit to be open again.

A nickname for the Great Plains regions hit by drought and dust storms during the Great Depression

Informal radio speeches given to the American people by FDR to reassure people about future of the economy

Government practice of spending more than it takes in from taxes. FDR was criticized for his New Deal programs, because they drove up the national debt

New Deal program that taxes workers and employers. The money provides monthly pensions for retired people and unemployment insurance for the jobless

Immediate cause of US entry into World War II; this surprise attack by Japan on the US naval base in Hawaii is known as "a "date which will live in infamy"

President during World War II. First president to be elected to 4 terms.

During WWII, the government restricted the amount of food and other goods people could buy to assure adequate supplies for the military and address the shortages of certain goods

The Nazi program of mass extermination of Europe's Jews, gypsies and other minorities.

1935 laws defining the status of Jews and withdrawing citizenship from persons of non-German blood. This was the earliest part of the Holocaust.

Became president when FDR died; gave the order to drop the atomic bombs to end World War II

Began at the end of WWII, because the US and the Soviet Union had conflicting goals for the post-war world

Early Cold War plan the US came up with to revive war-torn economies of Europe. This plan offered $13 billion in aid to western and Southern Europe. American hoped to stop the spread of communism

Considered the first real battle of the Cold War; airlift in 1948 that supplied food and fuel to citizens of west Berlin when the Russians closed off land access to Berlin

alliance of nations, created during Cold War, that agreed to band together in the event of war and to support and protect each nation involved

A system of roadways that connect all major cities in the US. The system was designed to give troops faster routes to get to destinations across the US in the event of an attack on the US. A long-term result was that it supported the growth of American industry.

Laws designed to enforce racial segregation

Leader of the civil rights movement who championed civil disobedience and nonviolent protest as a method to end segregation

a 1954 case in which the Supreme Court ruled that "separate but equal" education for black and white students was unconstitutional

As a result of Brown v. Board, Central High School was enrolling 9 black students into their all white school. The governor tried to prevent them from attending, and mob violence pushed Eisenhower to order the US Army to Little Rock to protect the 9 students and escort them to school.

Send troops to Vietnam to limit the spread of communism

Said during JFK's inaugural address, he encouraged Americans to volunteer to help the United States

Became president after Kennedy's assassination. He escalated the war in Vietnam by sending additional troops.

Result of break-in committed by Nixon's administration and the cover up that followed. Nixon resigned before he was impeached, because he knowingly approved illegal acts

Marked by the fall of the Soviet Union which was the result of Eastern European countries gaining independence and Gorbachev's reform policies

A challenge for modern day presidents. Eisenhower had to face the Suez Crisis in 1956. Carter tried to bring peace with the Camp David Accords in 1978. Both Bush's faced war in Iraq.

The economic problem which is characterized by a continuous rise in the price of goods and services