8-4.5 Civil War

consisted of the governments of 11 Southern states that seceded from the Union in 1860-61, carrying on all the affairs of a separate government and conducting a major war until defeated in the spring of 1865

General, Union Army. Operated in the western theatre of the war, eventually rising to command all forces west of the Appalachians. He became famous for his march to the sea campaign that waged total war through the heart of the confederacy including South Carolina to destroy their will to resist.

Fort guarding the mouth of Charleston harbor that was bombarded during the opening shots of the Civil War

South's military strategy: the army stays mobile and effective in the face of a stronger foe in order to wear them down over time

the use of naval forces to stop shipping. Union's war strategy to prevent ships from importing and exporting from South Carolina's ports.

smugglers that run supplies through naval blockades for great profit

Document signed by Lincoln that declared that as of January 1, 1863, all slaves in the rebellious states "shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free."

Confederate submarine that demonstrated the advantage and danger of undersea warfare. Although not this nation's first submarine, Hunley was the first submarine to engage and sink a warship off the coast of Charleston, SC in 1864.

an armored, steam driven ship

placing an army around a fortified place to force its surrender

to strengthen a place with military forces and positions, typically in order to prevent invasion

Fort opposite Sumter guarding Charleston harbor; located on Morris Island, only accessible by boat. It was the site of memorable action of the 54th Massachusetts Regiment

Slave ship pilot that stole a confederate ship turned it over to Union authorites and went on to serve in the union navy for the remainder of the war

Gen. Sherman's Campaign in which his army operated without communications and supply lines while marching from Atlanta, GA to Savannah, GA foraging from the land and waging total war. SC's capital city, Columbia, burned.

A military tactic in which an army destroys or renders useless everything in its path in order to deny its use by their opposition and/or damage their opposition's will to continue the fight. It involves the complete mobilization of resources and people, affecting the lives of all citizens in the warring countries, even those remote from the battlefields.