Question 1

Crows are large birds with black feathers. The allele for black feathers is passed down from one generation of crows to the next. What kind of molecule carries the alleles from parent to offspring?

Accepted Answer

DNA

Answer

TRNA

Answer

mRNA

Answer

protein

Question 2

Punnett squares help identify genotypes and phenotypes of possible offspring and their genes. Look at the Punnett square. Which of the following identifies the pea with a homozygous dominant genotype and its probability of occurring?

Accepted Answer

GG, 1:4

Answer

GG, 4:1

Answer

Gg, 2:4

Answer

gg: 4:1

Question 3

Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes in every body cell. Even one extra chromosome causes death or serious disorders. For example, an extra copy of chromosome 21 causes Down syndrome. How many chromosomes does every body cell have in a human with Down syndrome?

Accepted Answer

47

Answer

46

Answer

24

Answer

48

Question 4

Some people have an uncontrollable need to sneeze when they go out into bright sunlight. You might see these people sneezing when they walk out of a movie theatre or a school on a sunny day. The condition even has a name—it is called ACHOO syndrome. ACHOO syndrome is a genetic condition and the ACHOO allele is dominant. Look at the pedigree for the Kowalski family. Black represents people who have ACHOO syndrome, and white represents people who do not. Arek and Marietta both have ACHOO syndrome. They have four married children. Some of the children have ACHOO and others do not.

Which of the couples is certain to have no children with ACHOO syndrome?

Accepted Answer

Denis and Malina

Answer

Milan and Wanda

Answer

Artur and Luiza

Answer

Hugo and Zita

Question 5

In honeybees, female sex cells called eggs are produced by meiosis. If an egg is fertilized by a sperm, it develops into a female bee. An unfertilized egg develops into a male bee.

Which statement about the male honeybee genome is true?

Accepted Answer

Male bees have half as many chromosomes as female bees.

Answer

Male bees have greater genetic variation than female bees.

Answer

Male bees have two copies of each gene.

Answer

Male bees are heterozygous for many traits.

Question 6

Scientists use methods to genetically engineer or alter many plant crops. Today, a lot of the foods available at the store, such as types of corn, are genetically modified organisms (GMOs). What is one concern with relying on GMOs as a source of food?

Accepted Answer

decrease human health

Answer

decrease food supply

Answer

decrease pest resistance

Answer

decrease desired traits

Question 7

Mammoths frozen in ice can still have preserved DNA in their cells. In fact, the whole mammoth genome has been sequenced from frozen specimens. Some scientists want to bring mammoths back from extinction. These scientists propose to start with Asian elephant DNA. Next, they will insert mammoth DNA sequences. Finally, they will put the DNA into an elephant egg and implant it into a female elephant. If all goes well, the mother elephant will give birth to a very mammoth-like baby. Which genetic technology involves mixing the DNA of two or more species?

Accepted Answer

genetic engineering

Answer

cloning

Answer

DNA fingerprinting

Answer

DNA sequencing

Question 8

Charles Darwin observed mockingbirds on the Galápagos Islands and South America. He noticed some differences in the two mockingbird groups. What conclusion did Darwin make based on his observations?

Accepted Answer

The two species changed over time.

Answer

The two species had a different ancestor.

Answer

The two species were unrelated.

Answer

The two species could not reproduce new species.

Question 9

The woolly mammoth was a relative of elephants that lived in the far north. There is much debate in the scientific community about what caused the extinction of mammoths. Climate models show that changing weather patterns stressed mammoth populations. Hunting by humans may have also reduced populations. The youngest mammoth remains on a continent are 10,000 years old. Why did natural selection not cause mammoths to evolve new adaptations in response to environmental changes instead of becoming extinct?

Accepted Answer

There was not enough variation in the population.

Answer

There were too many offspring in the population.

Answer

There were too many different traits in the population.

Answer

There was not enough competition in the population.

Question 10

Genes code for proteins, and a mutation can code for a different protein and change it. How do mutations affect natural selection and the process of evolution?

Accepted Answer

by changing fitness

Answer

by changing the environment

Answer

by decreasing variations

Answer

by increasing gene transfer

Question 11

Darwin discovered that variations in genes better adapt some individuals to their environment. How does this relate to natural selection?

Accepted Answer

Better-adapted individuals are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing along those helpful characteristics.

Answer

Better-adapted individuals are more likely to survive, but less likely to pass along those genes to offspring.

Answer

Better-adapted individuals are more likely to survive but would have more competition having those characteristics.

Answer

Better-adapted individuals are more likely to survive and change during their lifetimes by selectively using or not using various parts of their bodies.

Question 12

Marsupials are a group of mammals that give birth to very immature young and raise them in a pouch. Opossums, kangaroos, and Tasmanian devils are all marsupials. Marsupials are common in Australia and South America. Previously scientists thought marsupials originated in Australia, but new evidence confirmed that all marsupials evolved from a common ancestor in South America. What is the most likely explanation for why marsupials are related in Australia and South America?

Accepted Answer

The continents were once joined into a supercontinent that slowly broke apart.

Answer

A series of earthquakes and volcanoes separated the two continents.

Answer

A huge asteroid struck Earth and the impact broke the two continents apart.

Answer

An ice age froze the ocean surface and marsupials migrated to Australia.

Question 13

Geologists often date rocks using relative age, which includes the use of index fossils. What is an index fossil?

Accepted Answer

a fossil of an organism that existed for a short time geologically and was distributed over a wide area

Answer

a fossil of an organism that existed for a long time geologically and distributed over a wide area

Answer

a fossil of an organism that existed for a short time geologically and was found in a very specific area

Answer

a fossil of an organism that existed for a long time geologically and was found in a very specific area

Question 14

The geologic time scale is a record of the major geologic events and evolution of life. Its divisions are determined through evidence in the rock and fossil records. What might cause geologists to make changes to a period on the geologic time scale?

Accepted Answer

the discovery of an asteroid collision that caused a mass extinction event

Answer

the discovery of a new method of relative dating

Answer

the discovery of a new unconformity in the rock record

Answer

the discovery of a new method genome sequencing

Question 15

Samuel placed a plastic container upside down over a paperclip. He held a strong magnet up to the side of the bowl and the paperclip moved toward the magnet. Which best explains the result of Samuel’s investigation?

Accepted Answer

The magnet caused a non-contact force on the paperclip.

Answer

The magnet increased the amount of friction in the paperclip.

Answer

The magnet reduced the net force acting on the paperclip.

Answer

The magnet caused a balanced force on the paperclip.

Question 16

The arrows in the diagram below represent the forces acting on a moving bicycle at two different times, time 1 and time 2. The length of each arrow represents the amount of force being applied. As a result of the change in the forces from time 1 to time 2, the bicyclist will

Accepted Answer

move faster in a forward direction

Answer

move slower in a forward direction

Answer

stop moving

Answer

move in a backward direction

Question 17

Polly goes roller-skating and times herself to see how far she can skate in five minutes. She makes a table to organize the distances she skated in each span of time: Which statement correctly describes the pattern of her roller-skating speed?

Accepted Answer

She was skating at a constant rate from start to end.

Answer

She was skating slower at the end than at the start.

Answer

She was gaining energy as she skated overtime.

Answer

She was skating faster at the end than at the start.

Question 18

A zoologist was studying cheetahs in the wild and was especially interested in learning about how they move. The zoologist plotted the movement of one of the cheetahs. What information does this graph provide about the cheetah’s motion?

Accepted Answer

The cheetah is running at a constant speed.

Answer

The cheetah is running and then stops before starting again.

Answer

The cheetah is running and accelerating its speed as it runs.

Answer

The cheetah is running at a variable speed.

Question 19

Isaac Newton made many discoveries about motion. He showed that all moving objects will travel in a straight line at a constant speed unless acted on by an unbalanced force. What would happen to the planets if the sun had no gravity at all?

Accepted Answer

The planets would leave their circular orbits and move in straight lines.

Answer

The planets would continue to move in circular orbits around the sun.

Answer

The planets would move randomly through space.

Answer

The planets would fall into the sun.

Question 20

Michael walked his dog on a leash every morning and afternoon. One morning, his dog saw a squirrel and started to dash after it. Michael held the leash more firmly and pulled back slightly so the dog could not run after the squirrel. What is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

Third Law of Motion, because it is an equal and opposite reaction

Answer

First Law of Motion, because an action is stronger than the force

Answer

Second Law of Motion, because it is a change in the force and mass

Answer

Law of Universal Gravitation, because it is a change in inertia

Question 21

Which process is responsible for Energy transfer from the Sun to Earth’s surface?

Accepted Answer

radiation

Answer

reflection

Answer

conduction

Answer

convection

Question 22

In the middle of an ocean, areas called “gyres” can form where systems of currents come together and all move in the same direction. In the center of a gyre, patches of trash can gather. Which of these assists in the formation of gyres?

Accepted Answer

global wind patterns

Answer

density and temperature changes

Answer

high and low tide fluctuations

Answer

migration of sea life

Question 23

Beau moved to Miami, Florida from Calgary, Canada. He noticed that the climates in these two places are very different. For which of the following reasons might these two cities experience different climates?

Accepted Answer

ocean currents, latitude, and altitude

Answer

wind speeds, rainfall, and ocean currents

Answer

rainfall, longitude, and ocean currents

Answer

latitude, longitude, and prevailing global winds

Question 24

The Florida Keys are located off the southern tip of the state. The Keys are surrounded by water with the Atlantic Ocean on one side and the Gulf of Mexico on the other side. How does the location of the Keys impact the local climate?

Accepted Answer

It causes a humid and breezy climate.

Answer

It causes a cold and windy climate.

Answer

It causes a dry and hot climate.

Answer

It causes a cool and dry climate.

Question 25

A major volcanic eruption would affect climate conditions on Earth over time. What short-term impact would massive volcano eruptions have on Earth?

Accepted Answer

cooling due to ash and particles in the air

Answer

cooling due to the release of greenhouse gases

Answer

adaptations by plants and animals

Answer

changes to the atmosphere

Question 26

Warmer temperatures come about as a result of global warming. In what way is the weather affected by warmer temperatures?

Accepted Answer

increase in energy that causes hotter heat waves and more severe storms

Answer

increase in earthquakes that causes more clouds and storms

Answer

decrease in water vapor that causes less frequent hurricanes and tornadoes

Answer

decrease in energy that causes a change in air masses

Question 27

Macy’s family recently added an alternative energy source to their home to cut costs. They also wanted to help protect the environment. Which of the following choices is an example of an alternative energy source?

Accepted Answer

Solar

Answer

natural gas

Answer

coal

Answer

oil

Question 28

Models of the solar system containing the sun, Earth, and other planets changed over time. Scientists made new discoveries as they gathered additional evidence. Which choice below best describes the current model of our Solar System?

Accepted Answer

The sun and all other planets orbit Earth.

Answer

All space objects orbit Earth.

Answer

All space objects orbit the sun.

Answer

Earth and all other planets orbit the sun.

Question 29

Earth’s tilt toward or away from the sun determines the season and day length. Is the northern hemisphere of Earth tilted toward or away from the sun during winter in New York City? Are days short or long?

Accepted Answer

The northern hemisphere tilts away from the sun and the days are short.

Answer

The northern hemisphere is tilted toward the sun and days are short.

Answer

The northern hemisphere is tilted toward the sun and days are long.

Answer

The northern hemisphere tilts away from the sun and the days are long.

Question 30

Scott moved from Florida to Michigan in January, and he thinks it’s freezing! Why is it so much colder in Michigan than it is in Florida during the winter?

Accepted Answer

Earth’s tilt away from the sun during the winter causes Michigan to receive less direct sunlight than Florida.

Answer

Earth’s surface receives more sunlight in northern areas during the winter.

Answer

Earth’s spin causes Michigan to receive less sunlight than Florida during the winter.

Answer

Earth’s tilt toward the sun during the winter causes Michigan to receive more direct sunlight than Florida.

Question 31

The measure of the force of gravity on an object is called weight. The gravitational force between two objects depends on the mass of each object and the distance between them. Why do you weigh less on the moon than you do on Earth?

Accepted Answer

The moon is less massive than Earth.

Answer

Mass changes with location.

Answer

Earth is less massive than the moon.

Answer

You are farther from Earth.

Question 32

When there is no moon visible in the night sky, the moon is directly between Earth and the sun. Why can't people see the moon when it is between Earth and the sun?

Accepted Answer

The sunlit part of the moon is facing away from Earth.

Answer

Sunlight does not reach any part of the moon.

Answer

The moon is in the sun’s shadow.

Answer

The moon is in Earth’s shadow.

Question 33

On August 21, 2017, the United States experienced the first coast-to-coast solar eclipse since 1918. How were the sun, the moon, and Earth arranged during this eclipse?

Accepted Answer

The moon was between Earth and the sun.

Answer

The sun was between Earth and the moon.

Answer

The sun, Earth, and the moon formed a right angle.

Answer

Earth was between the sun and the moon.

Question 34

When looking for signs of life on other planets, scientists often look for planets that have similarities to Earth. According to the chart, which planet has a rotation most similar to Earth’s?

Accepted Answer

Mars

Answer

Jupiter

Answer

Uranus

Answer

Mercury

Question 35

Astronomers theorize that the universe began between 12.77 and 13.82 billion years ago as a tiny spot no longer than the period at the end of this sentence. The universe then expanded in an enormous explosion. What is the name of this theory?

Accepted Answer

The Big Bang Theory

Answer

The Gigantic Explosion Theory

Answer

The Dark Matter Theory

Answer

The Solar Nebula Theory

Question 36

Which of the following choices lists the planets in the correct order from closest to furthest from the Sun?

Accepted Answer

Mercury, Mars, Saturn, Neptune

Answer

Mercury, Neptune, Mars, Saturn

Answer

Saturn, Mercury, Neptune, Mars

Answer

Saturn, Neptune, Mercury, Mars

Question 37

The graph below shows the relative sizes and surface temperatures of four groups of stars. The surface temperature of the stars is measured in Kelvin (K). The Sun is part of the main sequence group. According to the graph, the Sun is best described as

Accepted Answer

average sized, with a surface temperature of approximately 6,000 K

Answer

average sized, with a surface temperature of approximately 8,000 K

Answer

massive sized, with a surface temperature of approximately 10,000 K

Answer

massive sized, with a surface temperature of approximately 20,000 K

Question 38

The model of the atom changed as scientists gathered new evidence over time. This model of the atom was developed by J.J. Thomson in 1897. What does it have in common with the modern model of the atom?

Accepted Answer

Atoms are neutral, but include smaller particles that have a negative charge.

Answer

Only isotopes of atoms have neutrons.

Answer

The atom is a solid sphere.

Answer

Protons and electrons are randomly dispersed throughout the atom.

Question 39

Rosa and Katie developed a deck of cards they can use to review the information on the periodic table. One game they play involves pairing symbols of elements that have similar properties. Which of the following elements would form a pair?

Accepted Answer

Be and Ca

Answer

Pt and Hg

Answer

Ne and Cl

Answer

Sn and Sb

Question 40

A compound is made of materials that are chemically combined in a fixed ratio and later cannot be separated. Mixtures often contain compounds. For example, salt water contains two compounds, NaCl and H2O. Which of the following statements is true of mixtures?

Accepted Answer

Each substance in a mixture keeps its individual properties.

Answer

Substances in a mixture exchange electrons.

Answer

Each substance in a mixture develops new chemical properties.

Answer

Substances in a mixture cannot be separated after combining.

Question 41

Physical and chemical changes happen constantly in everyday life. Which statement correctly distinguishes between chemical and physical changes?

Accepted Answer

Chemical changes produce new substances.

Answer

Only chemical changes can affect the appearance of a substance.

Answer

Chemical changes do not produce new substances.

Answer

Physical changes can be predicted but chemical changes cannot.

Question 42

Chemical equations show the ratio of reactants and products involved in a chemical reaction. For example, 2 H2 + O2 --> 2 H2O. How do balanced equations satisfy the Law of Conservation of Mass?

Accepted Answer

The number of reactant molecules equals the number of product molecules.

Answer

The number of reactant molecules adds up to the number of product molecules.

Answer

Every atom present in the reactants is also present in the products.

Answer

The energy stored in bonds before and after the reaction is the same.

Question 43

Pure substances have characteristic physical and chemical properties. Some are useful to humans in their raw form, others can be used to make helpful materials. Which statement accurately explains the difference between synthetic materials and natural resources?

Accepted Answer

Synthetic materials are man-made.

Answer

Synthetic materials are not stable.

Answer

Synthetic materials are less common in nature.

Answer

Synthetic materials are polymers.

Question 44

Two dogs pull on a rope. One dog pulls with a force of 25 N to the left, and the other dog pulls with 44. Two dogs pull on a rope. One dog pulls with a force of 25 N to the left, and the other dog pulls with a force of 60 N to the right. What is the result?

Accepted Answer

The rope moves to the right.

Answer

The rope moves to the left.

Answer

The rope has a balanced force applied to it.

Answer

The rope remains in one place.

Question 45

What is the name of the phenomenon depicted in the illustration below?

Accepted Answer

The Greenhouse Effect

Answer

The Atomic Theory

Answer

Theory of Evolution

Answer

The Big Bang Theory

Question 46

The sun is 27 million times more massive than the moon. Why are tides on Earth primarily caused by the moon as opposed to the sun?

Accepted Answer

The moon is 390 times closer to Earth than the sun.

Answer

The moon has more gravity than the sun.

Answer

The sun’s gravity does not effect water.

Answer

The sun orbits the Earth at a faster rate.

Question 47

Which of the following would be an example of the heat transfer, conduction?

Accepted Answer

coffee mug warming the table it rests on.

Answer

the Sun’s rays melting ice.

Answer

hot air rising.

Answer

cold ocean water sinking to the bottom of the ocean.

Question 48

Which of the following statements best explains why convection occurs?

Accepted Answer

differences in air density.

Answer

differences in speed.

Answer

differences in atomic number.

Answer

differences in frequency of waves.

Question 49

Which of the following is evidence that supports The Big Bang Theory?

Accepted Answer

The red-shift of light waves from distant galaxies

Answer

Impact craters found on the moon

Answer

the different shapes of galaxies in the universe

Answer

The different composition of planets

Question 50

The graph below shows the changing ocean tide height (ft) on April 7 for a coastal location. The next high tide will occur on April 8th at approximately

Accepted Answer

3 a.m

Answer

9 p.m

Answer

10 a.m

Answer

12 noon

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