The primary plant food element that stimulates the growth of stems and leaves is ________?

The most abundant element in the earth's crust is ___________.

The idea that the earth's curst consists of huge plates that slowly drift over the earth's surface is the theory of _________________.

The three major layers of the earth, based on composition are the crust, mantle, and _________.

A type of fold in which the rock layers buckle upward into an archlike structure is an ___________.

the area where the upper mantle and lower mantle merge is the _____________zone.

The deposits of sand, mineral fragments, and organic material that cover most of Earth's surface are _____________.

What is a bowl-shaped hollow formed by the collapse of an underground magma chamber?

What is the most abundant element in the earth's crust?

How do scientists determine the point where an earthquake begins?

Which of the following is most likely to cause a volcanic eruption to be violent?

What is the area between the upper mantle and the lower mantle?

What is lava in water solidified almost instantly, forming rounded structures

consists primarily of erupted volcanic ash and rock fragments held loosely together

Any soil material primarily derived from living organisms

any soil material primarily derived from nonliving matter

process that breaks rocks down into soil

top 2 to 6 inches of soil

layer of solid rock below the soil

What is a "self pumping" well called?

What type of soil allows the most rain to run off?

As a dune forms, which side usually has a gentle slope that progresses up to the crest?

What feature consists of a relatively large stream and any smaller streams that flow into it?

What type of narrow, curved rock formation forms when a sea cave is continually eroded?

What are large, deep grooves and scratches in rock, produced by glaciers?

What process occurs when oxygen from the atmosphere reacts with minerals like calcium, magnesium, and iron to form new compounds?

What are the piles of debris left behind when a glacier melts?

What is the material carried by a stream?

What type of fossil forms when mud buries a plant or animal and quickly hardens into rock, leaving an impression after the plant or animal decays?

What term describes an organism that shows no change between its appearance in the fossil record and its appearance in the present day?

Which idea suggests that new kinds of organisms are a result of rapid genetic changes that supposedly bring about a new organism in a very short time?

How does inbreeding help form new species within a kind?

What term refers to the amount of time needed for half of a parent element to decay into its daughter element?

Which scientist first suggested that many catastrophes have shaped Earth's geological features?

Who popularized the idea that geological processes have always occurred at their current rates?

What are the deep cracks or fissures that develop on the surface of a glacier?

What is the main agent of chemical weathering?

What idea attempts to reconcile the Bible and evolution by claiming that God used evolution as the method of creation?

What term refers to a fossil organism found in strata that are supposedly too old or too young to contain that organism?

What term describes a fossil that extends through multiple strata?

What are large holes formed when huge chunks of melting glacial ice lodge in washed-out sediments?

What are the natural ridges formed when water flow causes sediments to drop along the edge of a river's channel?

Which type of UV radiation is only partially absorbed by the ozone layer, allowing some of its to reach the earth's surface?

How does air normally move in the atmosphere?

What name is given to the upper atmosphere because of its distinct layers?

What is the normal value of atmospheric pressure at sea level?

Which temperature layer of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer?

Which type of current causes most of the earth's weather?

What is the coldest point in the atmosphere?

What term refers to an iguanid's throat fan?

Which group of reptiles is known for providing parental care for their young?

What process involves a caecilian growing a new layer of fat in order to feed its young?

In. which group do frogs and toads belong?

Which group contains amphibians with long bodies and no limbs?

On what characteristic do scientists base the three main categories of salamanders?

Which cartilaginous fish has slime glands that help create a slippery coating around it?

What is the coldest point in the atmosphere?

Which type of air mass brings hot, dry weather?

What is radiation fog that extends no more than 2m (6 ft) above the ground called?

What indicates that a frontal cyclone has reached its full strength?

What portion of a lightning bolt produces thunder?

What forms the brilliant flash of a lightning bolt?

What is the downward stream of electrons that causes a single lightning bolt to make a second strike?

What value represents the brightness of a star as viewed from Earth?

What is a chunk of space debris that has reached Earth's surface?

Which scientist proposed a system in which Earth and all other planets orbit the sun?

How many planets were known to ancient astronomers?

What star is located at the north celestial pole?

What is Saturn's outermost major moon, which orbits in the opposite direction of most other moons?

What evolutionary idea claims that the solar system formed from a cloud of gas and dust?

What was the first satellite launched by the United States?

What is a device that splits light into a spectrum for analysis?

What circle on the celestial sphere runs directly overhead and connects the celestial poles?

What is the path on the celestial sphere that the sun follows in a year?

What technique dramatically increases the resolution of radio telescope images by combining data from multiple telescopes?

What is the replacement of A.D. that has become popular among those who deny the deity of Jesus?

What is the point on the celestial sphere directly above an observer?