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A Vegan Future
Quiz by shelly Triffon
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Long Call Option Trading Strategy: Learn the Basics LONG CALL SUMMARY Purchasing a call option is a bullish strategy that gives the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to buy 100 shares of the underlying asset at a specified strike price on or before the expiration date. This strategy is typically employed when an investor believes that the price of the underlying asset will increase in the future. The value of a call option is influenced by several factors, including the underlying asset's price, the strike price, the time to expiration, and implied volatility. As the price of the underlying asset increases and approaches or breaches the long call's strike price, the option's value will appreciate. This is because the option holder has the right to buy the underlying asset at a lower price than the current market price, resulting in a potential profit. Out-of-the-money (OTM) calls have a strike price that is higher than the current market price of the underlying asset. These options are typically cheaper than in-the-money (ITM) calls, which have a strike price lower than the current market price. ITM calls have intrinsic value, which is the difference between the strike price and the current market price, and extrinsic value, which is the additional premium paid for the option's time value. Extrinsic value decays over time as the option approaches expiration, and this can cause the option to lose value, especially if the underlying asset does not move towards the strike price. LONG CALL OPTION Purchasing a call option grants you the privilege, but not the responsibility, to buy 100 shares of the underlying asset at the specified strike price on or before the expiration date. This option grants you the flexibility to capitalize on potential price increases of the underlying asset. The value of a call option is positively correlated with the price of the underlying asset. As the price of the stock or ETF rises and approaches your strike price, the value of your call option increases. This is because the difference between the market price and the strike price widens, giving you a greater potential profit. This characteristic makes call options suitable for bullish strategies where investors anticipate price increases. Conversely, the value of a call option diminishes when the price of the underlying asset drops or remains constant. Time decay, which refers to the gradual loss of an option's value as its expiration date approaches, also contributes to the depreciation of call options. Over time, the intrinsic value of the option, which represents the difference between the strike price and the underlying asset's market price, decreases as the option nears expiration. Additionally, if the price of the underlying asset remains below the strike price, the option may expire worthless, resulting in a total loss of the premium paid. Understanding these dynamics is crucial when trading call options. It allows you to make informed decisions about when to enter and exit positions, taking into account factors such as the underlying asset's price movements, time decay, and market sentiment. Buying call options can provide an alternative strategy to gain long exposure to a stock's price movement without the need for purchasing shares directly. This approach, known as a long call position, offers the potential advantage of lower capital outlay compared to buying shares outright. However, it's crucial to understand the concept of time decay, which significantly impacts the value of long call options. Time decay refers to the gradual decrease in the value of an option as time passes. This phenomenon occurs due to two primary factors: theta and vega. Theta measures the rate at which an option's value decays over time, while vega measures the sensitivity of an option's price to changes in implied volatility. As the expiration date of the call option approaches, both theta and vega work together to erode the option's value. Consequently, to offset the impact of time decay, the underlying stock price must rise at a greater velocity towards the call option's strike price. This is because the intrinsic value of a call option, which represents the difference between the strike price and the underlying stock's current market price, increases as the stock price moves higher. Another important consideration when evaluating call options is the distinction between out-of-the-money (OTM) and in-the-money (ITM) calls. OTM calls have a strike price higher than the current market price of the underlying stock, while ITM calls have a strike price lower than the current market price. OTM calls are typically less expensive than ITM calls because their value is composed entirely of extrinsic value. Extrinsic value refers to the portion of an option's price that is not attributable to its intrinsic value. ITM calls, on the other hand, have both intrinsic and extrinsic value, resulting in a higher cost per contract. As time relentlessly marches forward, the value of call options undergoes a transformation. The extrinsic value, which represents the premium paid for the potential of future price movements, steadily diminishes as expiration approaches. This decay is universal, affecting all call options regardless of their initial strike price or distance from the underlying asset's current price. However, amidst this gradual erosion of extrinsic value, ITM (in-the-money) call options stand as an exception. These options retain their intrinsic value at expiration, which is the difference between the strike price and the underlying asset's price. This characteristic sets ITM call options apart from their OTM (out-of-the-money) counterparts, whose extrinsic value decays entirely to zero near or at expiration. The distinction between ITM and OTM call options underscores the significance of carefully considering both the time frame and strike price when making investment decisions. Traders seeking to maximize their potential gains through call options must be mindful of the impending decay of extrinsic value as expiration draws near. For long ITM call options, the ideal scenario is for the underlying asset to exhibit a significant upward movement. Such a price increase would enhance the intrinsic value of the option, making it worth more at expiration than the initial purchase price. This scenario holds true for OTM call options as well, as they require the underlying asset to move ITM at expiration to possess any value. Prior to expiration, both OTM and ITM call options have the potential to gain a combination of extrinsic and intrinsic value if the stock exhibits a rapid upward trajectory. This dynamic underscores the importance of monitoring market conditions and adjusting investment strategies accordingly. Understanding the Interplay of Time, Strike Price, and Option Value in Call Option Trading: In the realm of call option trading, comprehending the intricate interplay between time, strike price, and option value is paramount to success. These three factors collectively shape the dynamics of call option contracts, allowing traders to make informed decisions and capitalize on market opportunities. Time (Days to Expiration): Time, measured in days until expiration, is a crucial element in call option trading. As expiration approaches, the value of a call option is directly influenced by the time premium. The closer an option gets to expiration, the less time value it holds. This time decay accelerates in the final days leading up to expiration. Therefore, traders must carefully consider the time factor when selecting their expiration dates. Strike Price: The strike price represents the predetermined price at which the underlying asset can be bought (in the case of a call option) or sold (in the case of a put option). When choosing a strike price, traders must assess the current market price of the underlying asset and make an educated guess about its future direction. ITM (In-the-Money) call options are those with a strike price below the current market price, while OTM (Out-of-the-Money) call options have a strike price above the current market price. Option Value: Option value refers to the premium paid by the buyer of an option contract to the seller. This premium comprises two components: intrinsic value and time value. Intrinsic value is the difference between the strike price and the underlying asset's current market price. Time value, as mentioned earlier, is the premium paid for the remaining time until expiration. Auto-Exercise and Expiration Scenarios: Auto-Exercise: Long call options that expire ITM by $0.01 or more will be automatically exercised. This means that the buyer of the call option has the right to purchase the underlying asset at the strike price. If the investor holds only a long call, this will result in 100 long shares per contract purchased at the call option's strike price. On the other hand, investors holding the corresponding short shares will cover or buy shares at the call option's strike price. Expiration Worthless: Any long call options that expire OTM will expire worthless. In this scenario, the investor loses the entire premium paid for the contract, resulting in a maximum loss. Understanding these concepts is instrumental in developing effective call option trading strategies. By carefully considering the interplay between time, strike price, and option value, traders can position themselves to make profitable trades and minimize potential losses. PROFIT & LOSS DIAGRAM OF A LONG OTM CALL A long OTM call option can be profitable if the current market value of the option exceeds the price paid to purchase it. This can occur in two main scenarios: Stock Price Surpasses Strike Price: If the underlying asset's price rises above the strike price of the call option by more than the premium paid for the option, the call option becomes profitable. This is because the intrinsic value of the call option (the difference between the strike price and the underlying asset's price) becomes positive, and the call option can be exercised to purchase the underlying asset at a price below the market price. OTM Call Moves Closer to Underlying Asset Price: Even if the underlying asset's price does not reach the strike price, a long OTM call can still be profitable if the option's price increases. This can happen when there is a quick rally in the underlying asset's price, causing the call option's price to increase as well, even if the strike price is not reached. This is because the time value of the call option increases as the expiration date approaches, and the call option becomes more likely to be in the money. However, it's important to note that long OTM call options can also result in losses if the underlying asset's price does not surpass the breakeven point. The breakeven point is the price at which the call option's intrinsic value becomes equal to the purchase price of the option. If the underlying asset's price remains below the breakeven point until expiration, the call option will expire worthless, and the investor will lose the entire amount paid for the option. The maximum profit potential of a long OTM call option indeed has no theoretical limit, as a stock's price can theoretically rise indefinitely. This means that if the underlying stock price increases significantly, the call option holder can potentially reap substantial profits by exercising the option and buying the stock at the predetermined strike price. On the downside, the maximum loss on a long call option is limited to the premium paid for the option. This premium represents the total amount invested in the option contract and acts as a protective barrier against further losses. If the stock price declines or stays below the strike price at expiration, the option will expire worthless, and the investor will lose the entire premium paid. The flattened red loss zone in the diagram illustrates this limited loss potential. This zone represents the range of stock prices below the strike price at expiration where the option holder will lose money. The loss amount decreases as the stock price approaches the strike price and becomes zero when the stock price equals the strike price. Beyond the strike price, the option holder starts to make a profit. It's important to note that while the maximum profit potential is theoretically unlimited, it is highly unlikely for a stock price to rise dramatically within the short timeframe of an OTM option's expiration period. Therefore, while the potential rewards can be significant, the probability of achieving them is relatively low. PROFIT & LOSS DIAGRAM OF A LONG ITM CALL ITM (In-the-Money) options have a unique characteristic where the price of their intrinsic value directly correlates with the underlying asset's price. This means that for every one point movement in the underlying asset's price, the ITM option's intrinsic value moves by the same amount. While purchasing an ITM option provides immediate intrinsic value, it does not guarantee profitability upon execution. Similar to buying an OTM (Out-of-the-Money) call option, the purchase price of an ITM call must increase for it to be profitable. This requires the stock price to move further above the call strike price. This relationship is visually represented in the diagram, where the red and green zones converge on the x-axis. The maximum potential loss on a long call option is limited to the debit paid for the option, which is represented by the flattened red area in the diagram. This means that the most an investor can lose on a long call is the premium paid for the option, regardless of how far the underlying asset's price moves below the strike price. Understanding the price dynamics and potential risks associated with ITM options is crucial for traders and investors. While ITM options offer immediate intrinsic value, careful analysis and consideration of market conditions are necessary to determine their potential profitability. EXAMPLE OF A LONG OTM CALL OPTION XYZ currently trading @ $45 Buy to Open +1 XYZ 50-strike call @ $4 debit Cost: $4 debit ($400 total, ($4 x 100 shares)) Time Decay Affect Works against the optionâs value Max Profit Theoretically unlimited Max Loss Debit paid per contract ($400) Breakeven Price (at expiration) Strike price + debit paid ($54) Account Type Required Cash, Margin, and IRA EXAMPLE OF A LONG ITM CALL OPTION XYZ currently trading @ $45 Buy to Open +1 XYZ 40-strike call @ $7 debit ($5 intrinsic value + $2 extrinsic value) Cost: $7 debit ($700 total) Time Decay Affect Works against the optionâs value Max Profit Theoretically unlimited Max Loss Debit paid per contract ($700) Breakeven Price (at expiration) Strike price + debit paid ($47) Account Type Required Cash, Margin, and IRA
Ava Is a Vegan Ava and I eat fruits, vegetables, and grains. I also eat meat, dairy, and eggs. Ava does not eat meat, dairy, and eggs. Ava is a vegan. Vegans do not eat food made from animals. Ava and I like many of the same foods. We like some of them made different ways. Ava and I like fried rice. Ava likes tofu in hers. I like chicken and egg in mine. Ava and I like burgers. Ava likes hers made of black beans. I like mine made of ground beef.Ava and I like oatmeal. We both like peanut butter and bananas in it!
Animal Rights and Diet Success Criteria I can explain key terms which describe the type of diets people have I can explain the advantages and disadvantages of different types of diet Animal Rights and Diet Match up the terms with the meaning Term Meaning Omnivore - eats fish but no other type of meat Vegetarian - eats most types of meat and vegetables Pescetarian - doesnât eat any products that come from animals Vegan - doesnât eat meat but will eat dairy products like milk Place the different diets on a spectrum All meat No animal products at all Vegetarian Vegan Omnivore Pescetarian Omnivore Omnivore Most people in the UK are omnivores Match the countries with the amount of meat eaten per person per year Country Meat per person per year India 9.9 kg USA 4.4 kg Bangladesh 120 kg UK 111.5kg Nepal 84.2 kg Australia 4 kg Numeracy How much meat is consumed in the UK per year? (Amount of meat eaten X the UK population) 2. How much meat is consumed in Bangladesh per year? (Amount of meat eaten X the Bangladesh population) Country Meat per person per year USA 120 kg Australia 111.5kg UK 84.2 kg Nepal 9.9 kg India 4.4 kg Bangladesh 4 kg UK â 64 million Bangladesh â 165 million http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/maps-and-graphics/world-according-to-meat-consumption/ 7 Why do people eat meat? Discuss Tradition (their family has always done it) Culture (celebrations) Taste Convenience Nutrients such as B12, protein and iron Consumption of meat is rising across developing countries because higher incomes generally mean more meat eating. Pescetarian "Yeah, I'm a vegetarian." "But that looks like fish you're eating." "Oh yeah, I eat fish.â An estimated 5% - 6% of people in the UK are pescetarians. How many people is this? Approx. 3.6 million Calculation â 66,000,000 /100 x 5.5 = 3,630,000 9 Which group is cuter? Animals Fish 10 People often donât feel as much love for fish as they do for fluffy, cute mammals. The may think fish donât feel pain. They may be fussy. They think fish isnât meat. Not farmed as much as mammals; can be wild. To get nutrients they wouldnât get from just vegetables and grains. (Omega 3 is in plants but in higher concentrations in oily fish) Why are people pescetarians? https://www.vegsoc.org/sslpage.aspx?pid=753 http://articles.mercola.com/omega-3.aspx Fish â In a perfect world, fish can provide you all the omega-3s you need. Unfortunately, the vast majority of the fish supply is now heavily tainted with industrial toxins and pollutants, such as heavy metals which include mercury, lead, arsenic, and cadmium, PCBs, and radioactive poisons. These toxins make eating fish no longer recommended. 11 Vegetarianism Vegetarians will not eat any meat or product that comes from the slaughter of animals e.g. gelatine. About 3% of the UK population are vegetarian. How many people is this? 1.9 million 12 Why are people vegetarian? They donât like the idea that animals are killed so they can eat Health reasons Donât like meat Brought up vegetarian Environmental reasons Religious reasons (e.g. some Buddhist, Hindus) Watch the following clip twice. The second time, write down the fact which surprises you the most. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VW6wfpHFdaI The World Health Organization has classified processed meats â including ham, salami, sausages and hot dogs â as a Group 1 carcinogen (same as smoking/alcohol) which means that there is strong evidence that processed meats cause cancer. Red meat, such as beef, lamb and pork has been classified as a 'probable' cause of cancer. 13 Veganism Not just a diet Around 1% of the population of UK are vegans. A vegan is described by the Vegan Society as âa philosophy and way of living which seeks to excludeâas far as is possible and practicableâall forms of exploitation of, and cruelty to, animals for food, clothing or any other purpose; and by extension, promotes the development and use of animal-free alternatives for the benefit of humans, animals and the environment. In dietary terms it denotes the practice of dispensing with all products derived wholly or partly from animalsâ Why are people vegan? Why are people vegan? James Aspey: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a22XxXP3nU8 Warning: some of the content in this video clip may upset some viewers from 7:14 â 8:11 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BtqXeym7H8A Why are people vegan? âDonât want bad karmaâ Feel healthier Reduce chances of diseases. Example heart disease. Donât want to exploit animals Believe in animal rights Sustainability Environment Create a Table of Pros & Cons of Veganism Pros â Cons - Create a Table of Pros & Cons of Veganism Pros Cons No animals have died for you to eat Some people think it is healthier Help the environment Fewer antibiotics/chemicals that are given to some animals Makes you feel good No vitamin B12 so have to supplement Harder to find food at shops or restaurants May be harder to get enough iron May be more expensive to get substitute meats Judged by family and friends Could put farmers out of business Group Work Source 1 Summarise it in your jotter Explain what the source is/what it says What does it suggest? What is your opinion? Feedback to rest of class https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SYyjel5VuHg Farmerâs Poem
MĂłricz Zsigmond A Nyugat cĂmƱ folyĂłirat egyik szerkesztĆje 1933- ig. UtĂĄna a Kelet NĂ©pe cĂmƱ folyĂłirat szerkesztĆje halĂĄlĂĄig. ElbeszĂ©lĆ technikĂĄjĂĄra jellemzĆ: - a drĂĄmai elemek, a drĂĄmaisĂĄg közĂ©ppontba ĂĄllĂtĂĄsa (jelenetezĂ©s) - szabad fĂŒggĆ beszĂ©d alkalmazĂĄsa - tĂĄrsadalmi, környezeti jellemzĆk megmutatĂĄsa - naturalista ĂĄbrĂĄzolĂĄsmĂłd: - az emberi ĂĄbrĂĄzolĂĄs hitelessĂ©ge( tĂĄjnyelvi) - az ember mint biolĂłgiai szĂŒksĂ©gleteknek alĂĄvetett lĂ©ny ĂĄbrĂĄzolĂĄsa ( Ă©jfĂ©li talĂĄlka) - indulatok Ă©s ösztönök kendĆzetlen megmutatĂĄsa - Ă©lĆbeszĂ©dszerƱ megnyilvĂĄnulĂĄsok - szokatlan tĂ©mĂĄk ( erotika, brutalitĂĄs nyomor erĆszak ) NovellĂĄi TragĂ©dia Korai mƱvei közĂŒl az egyik legnagyobb hatĂĄsĂș novellĂĄja a TragĂ©dia (1909). A cselekmĂ©ny mĂĄsfĂ©l nap esemĂ©nyeit dolgozza föl, közĂ©ppontjĂĄban egyetlen szereplĆvel, Kis JĂĄnossal. Az in medias res felĂŒtĂ©sszerƱ kezdĂ©snek hangulatteremtĆ szerepe van: Ă©letkĂ©pszerƱen mutatja be a mezĆn dolgozĂł emberek ebĂ©d utĂĄni pihenĂ©sĂ©t. A vidĂĄm, trĂ©fĂĄlkozĂł, a következĆ napi lakodalomrĂłl beszĂ©lgetĆ, âizgĆ-mozgĂłâ emberek közĂŒl mintha talĂĄlomra vĂĄlasztanĂĄ ki az elbeszĂ©lĆ az egyiket. A harmadik bekezdĂ©sben az âelbeszĂ©lĆi kamera rĂĄközelĂtâ egyetlen alakra, Kis JĂĄnosra. ElkĂŒlönĂŒl a többiektĆl, rĂĄ nem jellemzĆ mĂĄsok vidĂĄmsĂĄga, jĂłkedve. A âSenki sem törĆdött vele, a tulajdon fia sem.â mondat erre utal, de e mondat kĂ©sĆbbi ismĂ©tlĆdĂ©seinek (âĂszre se vette senkiâ, valamint a zĂĄrĂłmondat: âSenki se vette Ă©szre, hogy eltƱntâŠâ) mĂĄr az a szerepe, hogy egyetlen âjellemvonĂĄsĂĄtâ: jelentĂ©ktelensĂ©gĂ©t, âlĂĄthatatlansĂĄgĂĄtâ nyomatĂ©kosĂtsa. ĂletĂ©nek gĂ©piessĂ©ge azt az Ă©rzetet kelti, hogy csak kĂŒlsĆ megjelenĂ©sĂ©ben ember, inkĂĄbb igavonĂł baromra emlĂ©keztet, mint emberre. Egyetlen nevetĂ©se Ă©s egyszeri jĂłllakĂĄsa viszolyogtatĂł, döbbenetes, mikĂ©nt az is, hogy az evĂ©sen kĂvĂŒl mĂĄs nem Ă©rdekli. âSzeplĆs, mĂĄlĂ©szĂĄjĂșâ fia, aki âijesztĆen hasonlĂtott hozzĂĄâ, nyomorĂșsĂĄgĂĄnak âörököseâ, ami szintĂ©n riasztĂł. Az elbeszĂ©lĆ egyĂ©rtelmƱ szĂĄndĂ©ka a megdöbbentĂ©s, meghökkentĂ©s. NyilvĂĄn a korabeli olvasĂł szĂĄmĂĄra is ismeretlen volt ez a âmĂ©lyvilĂĄgâ, mikĂ©nt a mai szĂĄmĂĄra is az. Az elbeszĂ©lĆ szenvtelen tĂĄrgyilagossĂĄggal tudĂłsĂt. A novella cselekmĂ©nye egyrĂ©szt az idĆ linearitĂĄsĂĄra Ă©pĂŒl (az elsĆ nap ebĂ©didejĂ©tĆl a mĂĄsnap dĂ©lutĂĄni lakodalmi vacsorĂĄig), mĂĄsrĂ©szt a vezĂ©rmotĂvumra, az evĂ©sre. A fĆszereplĆt elĆször ebĂ©dje elfogyasztĂĄsa utĂĄn lĂĄtjuk. Fontos momentum, hogy egy falatot sem hagy fiĂĄnak az âalmĂĄsĂ©telâ-bĆl. EbĂ©d utĂĄni ĂĄlmĂĄban ismĂ©t eszik: finom, lakodalmi Ă©teleket, s Ă©bredĂ©s utĂĄni rosszkedvƱ monologizĂĄlĂĄsĂĄban megprĂłbĂĄlja elkĂ©pzelni, mi lesz a gazda lĂĄnyĂĄnak eskĂŒvĆjĂ©n. ArrĂłl ĂĄbrĂĄndozik, hogy mennyit enne, ha meghĂvnĂĄk, de felidĂ©zĆdik benne egy kellemetlen gyermekkori emlĂ©k (egy lakodalom â tehĂĄt evĂ©s) is. DĂŒhe Ă©s haragja ebben a jelenetben mĂ©g Ă©rthetetlen, tehetetlensĂ©gĂ©ben felrĂșgja az ĂŒres edĂ©nyt. HaragjĂĄt vĂ©gĂŒl a âvĂ©n Sarudyraâ fordĂtja, azĂ©rt dĂŒhöng, mert Ășgy gondolja, nem mehet el a lakodalomra. A kĂ©sleltetett elbeszĂ©lĆi jellemzĂ©sbĆl az is kiderĂŒl, hogy apja halĂĄla is összefĂŒggĂ©sben van az Ć mohĂł Ă©hsĂ©gĂ©vel. PrimitĂvsĂ©ge, nyomora mĂ©g az Ă©telekrĆl valĂł ĂĄlmodozĂĄsĂĄnak is korlĂĄtot szab, ugyanazokat az Ă©telneveket ismĂ©telgeti. A novella fordulĂłpontja a gazda bejelentĂ©se: összes munkĂĄsĂĄt meghĂvja a lakomĂĄra. Az âegyszer laknĂ©k jĂłlâ vĂĄgya ettĆl kezdve realitĂĄssĂĄ vĂĄlik, Kis JĂĄnos szĂĄmĂĄra pedig feladattĂĄ. A szĂłtlanul elfogyasztott âkorpacibereâ utĂĄn nem tud elaludni, gyötrelmes hĂĄnykolĂłdĂĄsĂĄban is csak a feladatra tud koncentrĂĄlni. A kissĂ© homĂĄlyos âfeladatâ mĂĄsnap reggel vĂĄlik Ă©rthetĆvĂ©. Kis JĂĄnos kĂ©ptelen fogadalma (âEgye meg a fene a vĂ©n Sarudyt, ma kieszem a vagyonĂĄbul.â) legalĂĄbb annyira megdöbbentĆ, mint azok a tĂ©nyek, melyek eddig kiderĂŒltek rĂłla. SzĂĄnalmassĂĄga azonban fokozatosan eltƱnik, mĂĄrtĂr-elszĂĄntsĂĄga (nem eszik sem reggel, sem dĂ©lben), szegĂ©nysĂ©ge, nyomora elleni âlĂĄzadĂĄsaâ (hajnali fĂ©lĂĄlmĂĄban âelrĂșgja magĂĄtĂłl a szegĂ©nysĂ©getâ), elkĂ©pesztĆ terve, elszĂĄntsĂĄga szinte naggyĂĄ formĂĄlja ezt a jelentĂ©ktelen embert. A ânaggyĂĄnövelĂ©sâ ĂrĂłi eszköze a novella kezdetĂ©n is alkalmazott filmszerƱ megoldĂĄs. Csak most mintha alsĂł kameraĂĄllĂĄsbĂłl filmeznĂ©k a fĆszereplĆt: Kis JĂĄnos egyedĂŒl, ĂłriĂĄssĂĄ növekedve ĂĄll a vilĂĄggal szemben, megszƱnik körĂŒlötte minden, mĂĄr csak a feladatot lĂĄtja maga elĆtt. MĂ©gis szĂĄnalmas marad, hiszen vĂ©gtelenĂŒl magĂĄnyos, vĂĄllalĂĄsa öncĂ©lĂș Ă©s Ă©rtelmetlen. KĂŒzdelme az Ă©telekkel â a zsĂros hĂșslevessel, a tepertĆs tĂșrĂłs csuszĂĄval, a lencsĂ©vel, majd ĂĄlmai netovĂĄbbjĂĄval, a töltött kĂĄposztĂĄval â valĂłdi Ă©let-halĂĄl kĂŒzdelemmĂ© vĂĄlik, s vĂ©gĂŒl halĂĄlĂĄt okozza az evĂ©s. A rezignĂĄlt zĂĄrĂłmondat csak azt a tĂ©nyt közli, hogy halĂĄlĂĄban Ă©ppĂșgy Ă©szrevĂ©tlen maradt, mint amilyen Ă©letĂ©ben volt. A novella drĂĄmai erejĂ©t, szuggesztivitĂĄsĂĄt az okozza, hogy Kis JĂĄnos olyan alak, akinek jelleme, sorsa, gondolatai mĂĄr szinte valĂłszerƱtlenek. A valĂłsĂĄgos környezet, az elbeszĂ©lĆ tĂĄrgyilagossĂĄga, a fĆszereplĆ nĂ©zĆpontja zavarĂłan hitelessĂ©, hihetĆvĂ© teszi mindezt. Az elbeszĂ©lĆi vĂ©lemĂ©ny hiĂĄnya pedig elgondolkoztatja az olvasĂłt, hisz olyan vilĂĄggal szembesĂŒl, amelyrĆl inkĂĄbb igyekszik nem tudomĂĄst venni. BarbĂĄrok tartalom Egy napon a juhĂĄsz legelteti nyĂĄjĂĄt, ahogy eddig is, egyszer csak elkezd ugatni a puli. KĂ©t juhĂĄsz lĂ©pett oda hozzĂĄ. Az egyik szamĂĄron a mĂĄsik gyalogolt, Ă©s kĂ©t komondor is volt velĂŒk. LeĂŒltek a földre de nem beszĂ©lgettek. MegĂ©rkezett a juhĂĄsz 12 Ă©ves fia is. Az Ășj juhĂĄszok kĂ©rdezĆsködtek a felesĂ©g felĆl, majd a juhĂĄsz szĂjĂĄra esett a szĂł. Meg akarjĂĄk venni tĆle, de Ć nem akarja adni, mert azt magĂĄnak csinĂĄlta. A kĂ©t juhĂĄsz agyonverte a juhĂĄszt Ă©s a fiĂĄt, mĂ©g a pulit is. Gödröt ĂĄstak Ă©s eltemettĂ©k Ćket, majd fogtĂĄk a nyĂĄjat Ă©s elhajtottĂĄk. 10 nap mĂșlva jött a felesĂ©g Ă©s sehol nem talĂĄlta sem a juhĂĄsz, sem a gyereket, sem a pulit, sem a nyĂĄjat. Elindult megkeresni Ćket, amikor juhĂĄszokba botlott. A juhĂĄszok azt hazudjĂĄk, hogy a az urĂĄnak meggyĂŒlt a baja a törvĂ©nnyel ezĂ©rt el kellett mennie. Hogy bizonyĂtsĂĄk itt jĂĄrtĂĄt emlegettĂ©k a szĂjat, mire az asszony buzgĂłn bĂłlogatott, hogy az tĂ©nyleg az ura. Elindult DunĂĄntĂșlra, amerre a juhĂĄszok mondtĂĄk. Tavasszal fogta a puli kölykĂ©t Ă©s kimentek a pusztĂĄra. Egyszer csak a kutya kiĂĄsott egy kalapot. Az asszony rĂĄjött, hogy fĂ©lrevezetĆi öltĂ©k meg az urĂĄt elment tehĂĄt Ćket is megkeresni. KiderĂŒlt, hogy bevittĂ©k Ćket vallatni. HiĂĄba vallattĂĄk a veres juhĂĄszt, nem akarta bevallani, hogy Ć volt. BĂĄrmit bevallott csak ezt nem. A vizsgĂĄlĂłbĂrĂł nagyon mĂ©rges lesz Ă©s elkĂŒldi a juhĂĄszt. Ahogy megy kifele, egyszer csak meglĂĄtta a szĂjat. Megmerevedett, majd lassan megfordult Ă©s beismerte tettĂ©t. 25 bot bĂŒntetĂ©st kapott. A törtĂ©net 3 rĂ©szre tagolĂłdik 1.rĂ©sz: A kettĆs gyilkossĂĄg (birkĂĄkĂ©rt, övĂ©rt) 2. rĂ©sz Az asszony keresi a fĂ©rjĂ©t ( majdnem 1 Ă©v) A puli kölyke segĂtsĂ©gĂ©vel megtalĂĄlja a sĂrt 3.rĂ©sz A vizsgĂĄlĂł bĂrĂł kihallgatja a veres juhĂĄszt. TörtĂ©netet összefƱzĆ központi motĂvumok - az öv - a nĂ©phiedelem vilĂĄgbĂłl babonĂĄbĂłl felĂ©pĂtett tĂĄrgy ïȘ az övnekâ lelkeâ van A barbĂĄrsĂĄg ïš Az elmaradottsĂĄg a civilizĂĄciĂłn kĂvĂŒli vilĂĄg A cĂm is az utolsĂł szĂł is ïš BARBĂROK Kire mire vonatkozik, - a brutalitĂĄs jelkĂ©pe ( a gyilkosokra) - a pusztabĂ©li törvĂ©nyek jelkĂ©pe (babonĂĄkra) - minden szereplĆre vonatkozhat mĂĄsmilyen Ă©rtelmekben (vizsgĂĄlĂłbĂrĂłra) Az elbeszĂ©lĂ©s jellegzetessĂ©ge: - nĂ©pnyelvi Ă©s tĂĄjnyelvi szavak hasznĂĄlata ïš Az elbeszĂ©lĂ©smĂłd hitelesĂ©gĂ©t erĆsĂti. Az elbeszĂ©lĂ©snek nincs befejezĂ©se, a vizsgĂĄlĂłbĂrĂł zĂĄrĂłmondata (cĂm!) elgondolkodtatĂł ĂtĂ©let, vĂĄd, de nem megoldĂĄs. Az elbeszĂ©lĆ sem mond vĂ©lemĂ©nyt, mint ahogy az elbeszĂ©lĂ©s sorĂĄn sem fƱz kommentĂĄrt az esemĂ©nyekhez. A pusztai emberek vilĂĄga szembeĂĄllĂthatĂł a civilizĂĄltvilĂĄggal, de szĂĄmos kĂ©rdĂ©s merĂŒlhet föl az olvasĂłban. Ki a hibĂĄs azĂ©rt, hogy ilyen emberek Ă©lnek mĂ©g, mi az oka annak, hogy a vilĂĄgtĂłl elszigetelten Ă©lĆk között ilyen indulatok feszĂŒljenek, hogyan lehetsĂ©ges, hogy pusztĂĄn a szerzĂ©svĂĄgy ilyen aljassĂĄgra kĂ©sztessen embereket? BarbĂĄrsĂĄguk a civilizĂĄltember (vizsgĂĄlĂłbĂrĂł) szempontjĂĄbĂłl igaz, felvetĆdik a tĂĄrsadalmi felelĆssĂ©g kĂ©rdĂ©se is. A veres juhĂĄsz halĂĄlos ĂtĂ©lete, megbotoztatĂĄsa nem oldja meg a törtĂ©nettel pĂ©ldĂĄzott problĂ©mĂĄkat. MĂłricz elbeszĂ©lĂ©se ugyanis nem a törtĂ©nelmi mĂșltbĂłl vett kĂŒlönös törtĂ©net, hanem a kortĂĄrs magyar tĂĄrsadalom vilĂĄgĂĄbĂłl vett tĂ©ma. Az elbeszĂ©lĂ©sben jelentĆs szerepe van az ismĂ©tlĆdĂ©seknek. A puli jelzi a veszĂ©lyt az elsĆ rĂ©szben, majd a puli (kölyke) talĂĄlja meg az elföldelt ĂĄldozatokat a mĂĄsodik rĂ©sz vĂ©gĂ©n. A veres juhĂĄsz ugyanazokat a hazugsĂĄgokat ismĂ©tli a bĂrĂłsĂĄgon, melyekkel Bodri juhĂĄsz felesĂ©gĂ©t is igyekezett fĂ©lrevezetni. A vĂĄndorlĂĄs-keresĂ©s (âmenĂ©sâ) a mĂĄsodik rĂ©sz fĆ motĂvuma, mĂg az elbeszĂ©lĂ©s szimbolikus vezĂ©rmotĂvuma a rĂ©zveretes szĂj. LĂĄtszĂłlag emiatt ölik meg Bodri juhĂĄszt, ezzel hĂșzzĂĄk be tetemĂ©t a gödörbe, errĆl beszĂ©lget a veres juhĂĄsz Bodri juhĂĄsz felesĂ©gĂ©vel (maga hozza szĂłba!), vĂ©gĂŒl ennek lĂĄttĂĄra tesz vallomĂĄst a veres juhĂĄsz.
JavaScript posee dos maneras de manejar la asincronicidad, a travĂ©s de: Observables y Promesas, que comparten el mismo objetivo, pero con caracterĂsticas y comportamientos diferentes. ÂżQuĂ© es la asincronicidad en JavaScript? La asincronicidad se refiere a cuando Javascript utiliza procesos asĂncronos para realizar muchas tareas a la vez, tareas que pueden tomar determinado tiempo o nunca finalizar. Es decir, este lenguaje de programaciĂłn es un monohilo y esto significa que solo puede hacer una cosa a la vez y la ejecuciĂłn de un proceso demorarĂĄ a los que vengan posteriormente hasta que este termine. Es asĂ como la lectura de archivos o las peticiones HTTP son procesos asĂncronos y se requiere de un mĂ©todo para manipular este tipo de procesos como los observables y promesas. ÂżQuĂ© son los observables? Gran parte del ecosistema Angular estĂĄ basado en observables y la librerĂa RxJS es tu mejor aliado a la hora de manipularlos. El patrĂłn de diseño âobservadorâ centraliza la tarea de informar un cambio de estado de un determinado dato o la finalizaciĂłn de un proceso, notificando a mĂșltiples interesados cuando esto sucede sin necesidad de que tengan que consultar cambios activamente. CaracterĂsticas de los Observables en Javascript Emiten mĂșltiples datos Permiten escuchar cualquier tipo de proceso, (peticiones a una API, lectura de archivos, etc.) Notifican a mĂșltiples interesados Pueden cancelarse Manipulan otros datos (transformar, filtrar, etc.) con RxJS. Son propensos al callback hell Ejemplos con Observables import { Observable } from 'rxjs'; const getAnObservable$ = () => { return new Observable(observer => { observer.next('Valor 1'); observer.next('Valor 2'); observer.next('Valor 3'); }); }; (() => { getAnObservable$ .pipe( // ManipulaciĂłn de resultados con RxJS ) .subscribe(res => { console.log(res); }); }) ÂżQuĂ© son las promesas? Las promesas son un mĂ©todo algo mĂĄs sencillo y directo para manipular procesos asincrĂłnicos en Javascript. AdemĂĄs, estos objetos tienen dos posibles estados: Resuelto Rechazado Dependiendo si el proceso asincrĂłnico se ejecutĂł correctamente hubo algĂșn error. Desde el año 2017 se especificĂł en el estandar de EcmaScript la posibilidad de manipular promesas de una manera mucho mĂĄs fĂĄcil con async/await. Async para especificar que una funciĂłn es asĂncrona y Await para esperar por el resultado sin bloquear el hilo de ejecuciĂłn. CaracterĂsticas de las Promesas Ofrecen mayor simplicidad Emiten un Ășnico valor Evitan el callback hell No se puede cancelar Proveen una robusta API nativa de Javascript disponible desde ES 2017 Constituyen librerĂas populares como AXIOS o Fetch Ejemplos con Promesas // Promesas con .then() y .catch() const p = new Promise((resolve, reject) => { setTimeout(function(){ resolve("ÂĄHola Promesa!"); }, 1000); }); p.then((result: string) => { console.log(result); // ÂĄHola Promesa! }).catch(err => { console.log(err); // En caso de error }); // Promesas con async/await (async () => { const p = await new Promise((resolve, reject) => { setTimeout(function(){ resolve("ÂĄHola Promesa!"); }, 1000); }).catch(err => { console.log(err); // En caso de error });; console.log(p); // ÂĄHola Promesa! }); Observable a Promesa Una caracterĂstica mĂĄs de RxJS es la posibilidad de convertir fĂĄcilmente un Observable a Promesa: import { of, firstValueFrom, lastValueFrom } from 'rxjs'; observableToPromise(): Promise<string> { return lastValueFrom(of('ÂĄSoy una promesa!')); } La funciĂłn of devuelve en forma de observable lo que sea que le coloques dentro. La funciĂłn firstValueFrom o lastValueFrom devuelve el primer (o Ășltimo) valor que el observable emita en forma de promesa. Promesa a Observable De manera muy similar, puedes convertir una Promesa en un Observable: import { from } from 'rxjs'; PromiseToObservable(): Promise<Observable<any>> { return from(new Promise((resolve, reject) => { console.log('ÂĄSoy un observable!') })); } La funciĂłn from de RxJS convertirĂĄ una promesa en observable para que puedas manipular y suscribirte a la emisiĂłn de sus datos. ConclusiĂłn En ocasiones te sentirĂĄs mejor trabajando de las dos maneras, tanto con el observable como con la promesa. Lo importante es comprender cĂłmo funcionan ambos objetos, sus caracterĂsticas, diferencias y decidir cuĂĄl aplicar en tus proyectos de programaciĂłn.
Create a matching exercise based on this listo Los Angeles: "City of Angels" o San Francisco: "The Golden City" o Austin: "The Live Music Capital of the World" o New York City: "The Big Apple" o Miami: "The Magic City" o Orlando: "The City Beautiful o Chicago: "The Windy City" o Las Vegas: "Sin City" o Denver: "The Mile High City" o Atlanta: "The ATL" or "Hotlanta" o Boston: "Beantown o Seattle: "The Emerald City"
Elabora un examen de opciĂłn mĂșltiple con preguntas enfocadas a la vida real donde se vean los temas de pendiente de una recta
Rent a Llama When Marcos slept, he dreamed. He dreamed of Ecuador. He dreamed of riding among sheep and llamas. When Marcos woke, he worried. Life was so different in America. Would it ever feel like home? Marcos's mother worried, too. She wanted him to be happy. "Marcos, today is your class trip to a ranch," she said one morning. Marcos said, "We used to live on a ranch, MamĂĄ." "An American ranch will be different," she said. "Yes, just like everything else here," Marcos sighed. When Marcos got to school, he saw students excited about the trip. Mr. Perkins chose seat partners for the bus ride. Marcos sat with a boy named Ben. "Have you ever been to a ranch?" asked Ben. "Only in Ecuador," Marcos replied. "I go to this ranch every week to care for Mabel," said Ben. Marcos asked, "Who is Mabel?" "You'll see," said Ben. Soon they arrived at the ranch. The class met Ms. Vega, the owner. "Hello, everyone," said Ms. Vega. "And hi there, Ben," she added. Everyone looked at Ben. How did Ms. Vega know him? "Ben takes care of Mabel, one of our cows," said Ms. Vega. "I am in City to Farm," Ben explained. "It is a club where grownups help city kids learn about farms," he added. Ben continued, "I want to learn about cows, but I live in an apartment." "I can't keep a cow there," he joked. The class laughed. Ben added, "Ms. Vega rents Mabel to me for free, and I care for her." "Let's meet Mabel," said Ms. Vega. Ben led the class into a large barn with many stalls. When Marcos looked around, he got a surprise. In the second stall was a llama. Marcos spoke softly to the animal in Spanish. The llama stretched its long neck toward Marcos as if it understood. Marcos stroked its fur. Ms. Vega watched Marcos. "Do you like Ilamas?" she asked. Marcos nodded. "SĂ. I mean, yes," he replied shyly. "My grandfather had llamas in Ecuador," he added. "РаŃĐŸ Ńame from Ecuador, too," said Ms. Vega. She smiled and asked, "Would you like to help care for him?" "Like Ben takes care of Mabel?" Marcos asked. Ms. Vega said, "Exactly." Marcos's heart sang. Ranches were different herebut llamas were the same!