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Q 1/80
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a systematic approach to understand natural phenomena--as evidenced by description, prediction, and control--that relies on the assumptions of the attitudes of science.
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What is science?
Q 2/80
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to achieve a thorough understanding of the phenomena under study--socially important behavior change, in the case of ABA and discover natures truths that are facts and laws not opinion.
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What is the purpose of science?
80 questions
Q.
a systematic approach to understand natural phenomena--as evidenced by description, prediction, and control--that relies on the assumptions of the attitudes of science.
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Q.
to achieve a thorough understanding of the phenomena under study--socially important behavior change, in the case of ABA and discover natures truths that are facts and laws not opinion.
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1. Description
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a collection of facts about the observed events that can be quantified, classified, and examined for possible relations with other known facts
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the presence of one event (i.e., approaching winter) another event occurs (or fails to occur) with some specified probability (i.e., certain birds fly south).
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correlation
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situation in which two variables have no direct connection/correlation, but it is incorrectly assumed that they are connected as a result of either coincidence or an unmeasured/hidden variable
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standard for comparison that shows that the results of an experiment are actually due to the condition being tested. It shows a functional relationship.
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a well-controlled experiment demonstrates that a specific change in one event (the DV) is reliably produced by specific manipulations of another event (the IV) and that the change in the DV was unlikely to be the result of other extraneous factors (confounding variables).
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1. determinism
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Prediction. The universe is a lawful and orderly place in which all phenomena occur as the result of other events (cause and effect).
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The practice of objective observation and measurement of the phenomena of interest. Based on facts, observation and experimentation.
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to investigate the possible existence of a functional relation in which the factor(s) suspected of having a casual status are systematically controlled and manipulated while the effects are carefully observed.
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controlled comparison of the DV under two or more different conditions in which only one IV differs from one condition to another.
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1. functional relationship between environmental variables and behavior
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repeating of experiments
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all simple and logical explanations for the phenomenon under investigation be ruled out before more complex or abstract explanations are considered.
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-Continuous questioning of truthfulness of what is regarded as facts.
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the philosophy of human behavior.
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stimulus-response (S-R) psychology
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operant behavior
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Reflexive. Respondents are elicited (or brought out) by stimuli that immediately precede them.
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Not elicited by preceding stimuli but influenced by stimulus changes that have followed behavior in the past (ABC).
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Assumes that a mental or "inner" dimension exists that differs from a behavioral dimension.
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An explanatory fiction involves using only diagnoses, conceptual variables, and other non-observable constructs to explain behavior.
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The philosophical attitude that something has value, or is true, to the extent that it leads to successful outcomes when practically applied. ("Truth is an effective action.")
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acknowledges the existence of mental events but do not consider them in the analysis of behavior.
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1. Private events such as thoughts and feelings are behavior.
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A branch of behaviorism that includes thoughts and feelings in addition to observable behavioral events. (Distinguished from methodological behaviorism.)
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1. Beginning of Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis (JABA)
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1. Applied
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-Improvements enhance and improve people's lives.
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The behavior chosen for study must be the behavior in need of improvement.
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the experimenter demonstrates a functional relation between the manipulated events and a reliable change in some measurable dimension of the targeted behavior.
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-all of the operative procedures are identified and described -with sufficient detail and clarity.
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it is based on the core principles of ABA
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a study has altered the target behavior to a significant degree such that the change is socially important
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the behavior change lasts over time, appears in environments other than the one in which the intervention produced it, and/or spreads to other behaviors not directly treated.
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To be accountable means that ABA must be able to demonstrate that its methods are effective. This requires the repeatedly measuring the effect of interventions (success, failure or no effect at all), and, if necessary, making changes that improve their effectiveness.
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Everything about ABA is visible, public, explicit and straightforward, nothing is hidden.
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available to any individual and can be applied by anyone willing to invest in the effort.
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ABA gives practitioners real tools that work.
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1. individuals possess potential
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69
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the science in which tactics derived from principles of behavior are applied systematically to improve socially significant behavior and experimentation is used to identify the variables responsible for behavior change.
