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Act. 13.- Razones Trigonométricas III - Solución de problemas aplicando razones trigonométricas para cálculo de ángulos
Quiz by Angélica Valverde Martínez
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TB - Act. 13: Saber v. ConocerSAT/ACT Vocab 13Make a multiple choice test with the follwo1. Causation 13. Abetting 25. Restitution 2. Direct Evidence 14. Private Law 26. Writ of Summons 3. Automatism 15. Prejudice 27. Actus Reus 4. Self-Defense 16. Contributory Negligence 28. Net Family Property 5. Reasonable Limits Clause 17. Duress 29. Poisoned Environment 6. Standard of Care 18. Circumstantial Evidence 30. Mediation 7. Habeus Corpus 19.. Public Law 31. Act 8. Oakes Test 20. Accessory After the Fact 32. Prima Facie 9. Pecuniary 21. Hybrid Offence 33. Opinion Evidence 10. Mens Rea 22. Aiding 34. Indictable Offence 11. Marriage Breakdown 23. Manslaughter 35.Unintentional Discrimination 12. Crown 24. Empanellinging terms: 1. Imperialism – 2. Alfred Mahan – 3. Sanford B. Dole – 4. Yellow Journalism – 5. U.S.S. Maine – 6. George Dewey – 7. Rough Riders – 8. Protectorate – 9. Foraker Act – 10. William Randolph Hearst – 11. Emilio Aguinaldo – 12. Open Door Notes (policy) – 13. Boxer Rebellion – 14. Panama Canal – 15. Roosevelt Corollary - 16. San Juan Hill - 11. Council - An appointed or elected body of people with an administrative, advisory or representative function 12. On 6th April 1930, Gandhiji and his followers marched over 240 miles from Sabarmati Ashram to the coastal town of Dandi to break the Salt Law. 13. The Government of India Act of 1935 prescribed Provincial Autonomy & the Government announced elections to the Provincial Legislatures in 1937. 14. In August 1942, the Quit India Movement was led against the British in India by Mahatma Gandhi. He gave the slogan "do or die" to the people of India. 15. The Muslim League decided to strengthen Pakistan's Demand & it announced the 16th of August 1946 as "Direct Action Day".Vocabulary List 1. Avocation Definition: A hobby or activity someone enjoys doing in addition to their main work. Example: Drawing cartoons was his favorite avocation after school. 2. Supercolossal Definition: Extremely large; even bigger than enormous. Example: They ordered a supercolossal pizza to share. 3. Repress Definition: To hold back or keep feelings or thoughts hidden. Example: She tried to repress her anger during the argument. 4. Subliminally Definition: In a way that affects the mind without someone realizing it. Example: The music subliminally made the store feel calmer. 5. Thrombosis Definition: A medical condition where a blood clot forms inside a blood vessel. Example: The doctor warned that lack of exercise can increase the risk of thrombosis. 6. Sclerosis Definition: A hardening of body tissue, especially arteries or organs. Example: The patient was diagnosed with sclerosis that affected his mobility. 7. Distortion Definition: A change that makes something appear different from what it really is. Example: The funhouse mirror caused a distortion of her reflection. 8. Philanthropy Definition: The act of giving money or help to improve the lives of others. Example: His philanthropy helped build a new library for the town. 9. Prevarications Definition: Lies or evasive statements used to avoid telling the truth. Example: The teacher grew tired of the student’s prevarications about missing homework. 10. Syndrome Definition: A group of symptoms or behaviors that occur together. Example: The doctor studied the syndrome to better understand the illness. 11. Schizophrenic Definition: Relating to a mental disorder where a person may have difficulty distinguishing reality from imagination. Example: The character in the story showed schizophrenic behavior. 12. Subsidize Definition: To support financially, usually with money from the government or an organization. Example: The city decided to subsidize public transportation. 13. Phenomenal Definition: Very remarkable or impressive. Example: The athlete gave a phenomenal performance in the race. 14. Demented Definition: Showing disturbed or irrational behavior. Example: The villain in the movie had a demented laugh. 15. Patron Definition: A person who supports or regularly visits a business, artist, or organization. Example: She was a loyal patron of the local bookstore. 16. Cultural Lag Definition: When ideas and beliefs take longer to change than technology or society. Example: Cultural lag can make it hard for laws to keep up with new technology. 17. Omens Definition: Signs believed to predict something that will happen in the future. Example: Some people think black cats are omens of bad luck. 18. Antagonistic Definition: Showing hostility or opposition. Example: The rival teams were antagonistic toward each other. 19. Voluptuous Definition: Curvy and attractive in a full, rich way. Example: The sculpture showed a voluptuous figure. 20. Oscilloscope Definition: A device used to view and measure electrical signals. Example: The scientist used an oscilloscope to study the sound waves. 21. Putrid Definition: Rotting and giving off a very bad smell. Example: The garbage smelled putrid after sitting in the sun. 22. Fixated Definition: Focused or obsessed with something. Example: He became fixated on winning the competition. 23. Mundane Definition: Ordinary, dull, or routine. Example: She was tired of the mundane chores she had to do every day. 24. Ghouls Definition: Evil or ghost-like creatures that feed on the dead in stories or legends. Example: The haunted house story was filled with ghouls and monsters. 25. Maladjusted Definition: Unable to cope well with the demands of life or society. Example: The counselor helped the maladjusted student deal with stress. 26. Incongruous Definition: Not fitting in; out of place. Example: The fancy chandelier looked incongruous in the small cabin. 27. Tribute Definition: Something done or given to show respect or admiration. Example: The concert was a tribute to the famous musician. 28. Audibly Definition: In a way that can be heard clearly. Example: He audibly sighed when the test ended. 29. Proficiency Definition: Skill or competence in doing something. Example: Her proficiency in math helped her tutor other students.. Sports center manager / Leisure manager They conduct daily activities at sports complexes and recreational facilities with gyms, pools, and activity rooms. Individuals need a bachelor's degree in leisure and recreation, facility management, or hospitality. 3. Food truck manager They oversee the daily operations of food trucks at tourist attractions and unique event venues. They may be responsible for coordinating work schedules, obtaining food service licenses in different areas, and ordering food inventory as needed. Food truck managers need a minimum of a high school diploma but can also benefit from previous work experience. 4. Pastry chef They specialize in making various pastries and other desserts for bakeries, restaurants, and patisseries. They work closely with other kitchen staff and chefs to create dough mixtures, develop new recipes, decorate dessert items, and monitor the baking process to ensure a finished product. To become a pastry chef, individuals can either earn a high school diploma and develop their skills or attend a pastry arts program and earn an associate degree or bachelor’s degree. 5. Airport manager / Aviation manager They ensure efficient operations at an airport while ensuring that all airlines follow FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) guidelines. They hire and train airport personnel and monitor activities relating to They usually have a few years of work experience in a role at an airport, along with a bachelor's degree in airport management 6 security, customer service, and customer amenities, including onsite restaurants. and operations or aviation management. A professional certification can also be beneficial. 6. Spa manager They lead daily operations at spa facilities. Their duties include hiring and training spa employees and maintaining an up-to-date inventory of cosmetic products, sheets, towels, robes, and other items for skin treatments. Spa managers may also promote their spa by hiring freelance marketers or organizing advertisements for digital or print platforms. They also administer advanced therapies like facials and massages to customers. The education requirements include earning an associate's or bachelor's degree in hospitality or business management. Prospective spa managers also need a few years of work experience at a spa business. 7. Hotel assistant general manager They support the job duties of the hotel's general manager. They help the available manager interview job candidates, make hiring decisions, and coordinate training efforts for staff. Hotel assistant general managers may also cover shifts for general managers and act as temporary general managers when the manager is sick or on vacation. Individuals need a high school diploma and a few years of hotel experience. They may also benefit from earning an associate's degree or bachelor's degree in hospitality and tourism. 8. Tour manager They oversee tour bookers, tour guides, tour bus drivers, and marketing staff for a tour company. They schedule work shifts for tour guides, develop marketing Individuals can become tour managers by earning a high school diploma and working for a tour 7 strategies to increase tour bookings, and read tourist reviews to determine how they can improve their overall experience. They may also accompany clients when they travel and attend to their needs. company for a few years. They can also earn a bachelor's degree or master's degree in an area like hospitality and tourism management. 9. Cafe manager They oversee the daily operations of cafes in shopping centers, hotels, and other areas. They hire and train cafe staff, adjust coffee and bakery selections, handle complex customer questions, and ensure the cleanliness of their facilities. Cafe managers also create work schedules to provide enough staff during peak business hours. To become a cafe manager, individuals need a minimum of a high school diploma and previous experience working in a cafe as a barista or supervisor. 10. Activity manager They work for hotels and resorts, travel companies, and cruise liners to oversee guest activities and ensure guests have a pleasant experience. This may include planning guests' itineraries, offering guests tours of the local area, and developing fun activities within their facilities. Activity managers typically have bachelor's degrees in hospitality and tourism, event planning, or recreation. 11. Hotel sales coordinator They work for hotels and help create and manage their marketing and customer service strategies. They also work with a team of sales coordinators and hotel managers to research ways to increase bookings and retain customers. They may To become a hotel sales coordinator, individuals need a bachelor's degree in sales, marketing, hospitality, and tourism. 8 design special offers, create branding and promotional strategies, and follow up with guests after they check out. 12. Resort manager They oversee the daily activities at resort facilities. They typically monitor the resort's housekeeping activities, finances, and marketing materials. They manage different departments to assist with general maintenance and ensure a high guest satisfaction rate. To become a resort manager, individuals need experience working in the resort industry, either a bachelor's degree or master's degree in hotel management or hospitality and tourism. 13. Travel agent They work for travel agencies or as self-employed individuals to help clients book transport and hotel accommodations. Their duties may also involve creating a trip itinerary for their clients and helping them reschedule canceled flights or transfer accommodations. Prospective travel agents need a high school diploma and an interest in travel. They may also benefit from earning an associate's or bachelor's degree in hospitality and tourism management or applying for a professional travel agent certification. Travel agents often start as employees and become managers as their careers progress. 9 14. Catering manager They oversee a kitchen and server staff team for a catering company or event venue. They hire and train catering staff and work with one or more chefs to create an effective catering menu. They also design schedules for staff members, depending on the time required to set up and prepare food before an event. To become a catering manager, individuals can benefit from earning either an associate degree or a bachelor's degree in an area like hospitality or food service. 15. Entertainment manager They collaborate with resorts, cruise liners, hotels, and other accommodations to book singers, musicians, dance groups, comedians, and other entertainers to perform for guests. Their duties include holding auditions for potential talent, scheduling bookings, and negotiating with clients to determine price points. They oversee many aspects of events, including their production and financing. To become an entertainment manager, individuals can attend a four-year bachelor's degree program in hospitality, tourism management, event planning, or events and entertainment. 16. Guest services manager They assist hotel guests with their needs from when they check in to when they check out. They provide guests with room keys, organize baggage assistance, and delegate tasks to other staff like housekeepers, front desk employees, or room service personnel. They're also responsible for hiring and training the guest services staff. This position typically requires a minimum of a high school diploma and a few years of guest service experience. 10 17. Director of Housekeeping They work for a hotel, cruise line, or resort and manage its housekeeping staff. They maintain clean facilities for all guests by hiring and training housekeeping staff and monitoring inventory, including cleaning supplies, towels, bedsheets, and guest amenities. Housekeeping directors can benefit from earning a bachelor's degree in hospitality management and gaining several years of experience in the cleaning service industry. 18. Park manager They work at public and amusement parks and help develop marketing and promotional strategies to increase visitors. They may work with facilities managers to ensure the park remains clean and well-maintained. They also manage the park's budget, train managers in individual departments, and develop inclement weather or emergency policies. Prospective park managers need a bachelor's degree in leisure and recreation, management, or landscape design. 19. Food service director They work for hotels, cruises, and other accommodations to oversee food service operations for guests. Their job duties include developing a budget for food inventory and supplies, relaying information to food and beverage managers and kitchen staff, approving menu and drink ideas, and ensuring the quality of the food and dining operations. Directors at large hotels or other organizations may also To become a food service director, a bachelor's or master's degree in hospitality management, food service management, or culinary arts is necessary. 11 oversee the room service and catering from multiple restaurants. 20. Travel consultant They assist individuals, educational institutions, and corporations with their travel needs. They meet with clients to discuss their travel options to a destination and determine whether they need a passport, vaccinations, or weatherappropriate attire; they also help them find discounted hotels and airlines and arrange accommodations for clients with medical conditions and special needs. A high school diploma and a voluntary certification are typically necessary to become a travel consultant. An associate or bachelor's degree in tourism, international studies, or hospitality can also be beneficial.HEALTH EDUCATION 3. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: Students should able to know about_______ 1. definition of health education 2. aims of health education 3. objectives of health education 4. principles of health education 5. scope of health education 6. planning of health education 7. steps in planning health education 8. levels of health education 9. doctors s responsibility 4. INTRODUCTION: Health education is a term frequently used by health care professional. its aims at individual and community health. Health education is the translation of what is known about health into desirable individual and community behaviour pattern by means of an education process. Definition: “A process aimed at encouraging people to want to be healthy , to know how to stay healthy, to do what they can individually and collectively to maintain health And seek help when needed”. OBJECTIVES - To inform people or disseminate scientific knowledge about prevention of disease and promotion of health - To motivate people to change their habits and lifestyle that are harmful to their health also motivate people to adopt habits and ways of living conducive to healthy living. - To guide the people who need help to adapt and maintain healthy practices and lifestyle by showing proper community resources. --- PRINCIPLES OF HEALTH EDUCATION - Credibility Of Message: It is the degree to which the message to be communicated is perceived as trustworthy by the receiver. - Creating interest among participants: It is a psychological principle that people are unlikely to listen to things that are not of their interest. If a health programme is based on the felt needs, people will participate in the programme willingly. - Motivating the participants: Motivation is like a petrol engine that drives the mental engine. It is the fundamental desire in every person to learn. Motivation is contagious; one motivated person may spread motivation throughout the group. 13. - Enhance comprehension of content: It means health education should be based on the level of understanding, education and literacy of people at whom the teaching is directed. Teaching should be within the mental capacity of the audience. - Ensure reinforcement: Repetition at intervals is necessary to promote learning. Without reinforcement and feedback, students can go back to the pre-awareness stage. - Encourage active participation: Health education should aim at encouraging people to work actively with health workers and others in identifying their own health problems and also in developing solutions. 14. - Learning by doing: Teaching is effective when individuals actively participate in health education. Learning becomes active and quicker if the individuals are made active physically as well as psychologically. - Known to unknown: The people in a community know something and the health educator enlarges this knowledge. If the health educator links new knowledge with the old knowledge, it can enhance learning. - Maintaining good human relations: Sharing of information, ideas and feelings happens most easily between people who have a good relationship. 15. - Setting an example: The health educators should set a good example in the topic they are dealing with as it fosters better understanding. - Regular feedback: Feedback is one of the key concepts of the system approach. The health educator can modify the elements of the system in light of the feedback from his audience. For effective communication, feedback is of paramount importance - Efficient leadership: Leaders are agents of change and they can be made use of in health education work. Psychologists have shown and established that we learn best from people we respect and regard. 16. The essential attributes of a leader are as follows - Understands the needs of the community. - Provides proper guidance. - Takes initiative. - Is receptive to the views and suggestions of people. - Identifies himself with the community. Is selfless, honest, impartial, considerate and sincere. - Is easily accessible to people. 17. SCOPE OF HEALTH EDUCATION 1. Nutrition 2. Hygiene 3. Family health 4. Disease prevention and cantrol 5. Psychological health 6. Prevention of accident 7. Use of health services 8. Human biology 19. - Nutrition: The aim of nutrition education is to guide people to choose optimum and balanced diets, remove prejudices and promote good dietary habits. nutrition education is a major intervention for the prevention of malnutrition, promotion of health and improving the quality of life. 20. - Hygiene: This has two aspects: personal and environmental. Personal: The aim of personal hygiene is to promote standards of personal cleanliness . Environmental: Has two aspects: Domestic and community. All environmental sanitation programmes should include health education 21. - Family health: The family is the first defence as well as the chief reliance for the well-being of its members. One of the main tasks of health education is to promote family self-reliance, especially regarding the family's responsibilities in child bearing, child rearing, self-care and in influencing their children to adopt a healthy lifestyle. 22. - Disease prevention and control: Drugs alone will not solve health problems. Without health education, a person may fall sick again and again from the same disease. Educating the people about the prevention and control of locally endemic diseases is the first of the eight essential activities in primary health care. 23. - Psychological health: Psychological health problem can occur everywhere. There is a tendency to an increase in the prevalence of psychological diseases when there is a change in society from agriculture to an industrial economy and when people move from the warm intimacy of a village. 24. - Prevention of accidents: Accidents are a feature of the complexity of modern life. Accidents can occur in home, road and place of work. The predominant factor in accidents is carelessness that can be tackled by health education. 25. - Use of health services: Many people, particularly in rural areas, do not know what health services are available and many more do not know. There is a communication gap between the public and state health administration in the form of feedback for further improvement of health services. One of the declared aims of health education is to inform people about the health services available in their community. 26. PLANNING FOR HEALTH EDUCATION planning: is the process of making thoughtful and systemic decision about what needs to be done , how it has to be done, by whom And with what sources. 27. Principles of planning health education 1) Focus on actual current needs and context of community: It is important that plans are made with the needs and context of the community in mind. Health education should try to understand what is currently happening in the community one works in. 2) Plan for basic needs and interest of the community: Consider the basic needs and interests of the community. If the local needs and interests are not kept under consideration, the plans may not be effective. 28. 3) Planning with actual beneficiaries of health education: Plan with the people involved in the implementation of an activity. If people are included in planning, they will be more likely to participate and the plan will be more likely to succeed. 4) Identify and use all relevant community resources: It is essential that the health educator identify all the relevant resources that are locally available which could be used for benefit of people receiving the health education. 29. 5) Follow principle of flexibility: Planning should be flexible, not rigid. One should be able to modify the plans when necessary. For example, you would have to change your priorities if a new problem needing an urgent response arose. 6) A realistic plan not hypothetical: The planned activity should be achievable and take into consideration the financial, personal resources available and time constraints. Planning must be realistic; do not plan unachievable activities. 30. Steps in planning health education Planning is a continuous process. It does not just happen at the start of project . Health education must be well planned to actually improve and promote individual, family and community health 31. - Needs assessment: Conducting needs assessment is the first and probably the most important step in any successful planning process. assessment is the process of identifying and understanding the health problems of the community and their possible causes. - Identify priorities: After identifying the needs and resources of the community, the next is to identify their priorities because each community may have several problems but the urgent have to be given top priority in health education. For example: goitre 32. - Set the goals and objectives: In planning the process of health education, setting goals and objectives is the third and most essential step because these goals and objectives serve as consciously thought baseline parameters to be achieved during health education. - Develop strategies: Prior to the implementation of the health education intervention one must plan, develop and evaluate the several alternative strategies to achieve the set goals and objectives of health education because each problem and target community is quite unique. 33. - Implementation: This is the core phase of the health education process which includes carrying out the planned strategies so that the set goals and objectives of health education may be achieved. - Monitor and evaluation: This is the final step of the planning process of health education where continuous monitoring as well as end evaluation is carried out to ensure the degree to which stated goals and objectives have been achieved. 34. LEVELS/APPROACH OF HEALTH EDUCATION 35. INDIVIDUAL LEVEL - Individual Approach: The health education must first create an atmosphere of friendship and allow the individual to talk as much as possible. In this individual teaching we can discuss, argue and persuade the individual to change his behaviour. But by this we can reach to a small population and who come in contact with us. Methods of individual health education 1) Home visit 2) Personal contact/ counselling 3) Personnel letters 36. 1) Home visit: A home visit is one of the best approaches for individual health education because it can become one of the best opportunities for health education with individuals and their families. Home visits are important to understand the real background of families, their living conditions and the environment in which they live. 37. 2) Personal contact/counseling : Personal contacts or counselling (one-to-one communication) is a helping process where one person explicitly and purposefully gives his or her time to assist people explore their situations and act on a solution. After this the counsellor needs to work together with the person to find solutions that are appropriate to their situation. 38. 3) personal letters: Personal letters may also be used for individual health education, where health educators may get an opportunity to dispatch letters or printed education material to the people in a target community. 39. GROUP LEVEL Group health education may be useful way to deliver health education massages in efficient manner. A well organized group permits sharing of experiences and skills so that people are able to learn from each other. 40. Methods of group discussion 1)Lecture method: (Chalk & Talk ) A lecture may be defined as carefully prepared oral presentation of facts organized thoughts and ideas by a qualified person. The group should not be more than 30 and talk should not exceed 15-20 minutes. By using suitable audiovisual aids. 2) Group discussion: A group is an aggregation of people interacting in a face to face situation. It is a very effective method of health communication. 41. 3) Demonstration: A demonstration is a carefully prepared presentation to show how to perform a skill. This procedure is carried out step by step before an audience. 4) Panel discussion: In a panel discussion 4-8 qualified persons talk about the topic. Sit and discuss a given topic in front of a large group/audience. The chairman opens the meeting. Panel comprises of a chair person and 4-8 speakers. After the main aspect of the subject are explored, the audience is invited to take part. 42. 5) Symposium: It is a series of speeches on a selected subject. Each expert person present it briefly and at the end of session the chair person make a comprehensive summary. Audience are allowed to raise question. 6) Workshops : It consists of series of meetings usually 4 or more with emphasis on an individual work, within the group and with the help of consultants and response personnel. 7) Role play: This is a brief acting out of an actual situation for the benefit of the audience for better understanding. 43. 8) Conference and seminars: This programmes are usually held on a regional, state/national level. Where several experts from different disciplines meet to deliberate on a particular theme, to appraise others of latest knowledge and research in a particular field. 9) Open forum: It refers to the public meeting which are held for various purposes in the community, for example: gram sabha 44. COMMUNITY LEVEL It is meant for a defined community and is not only to create awareness but also to help people understand their health problems and needs, find alternatives solutions to their problems and needs , implement them, evaluate and get feedback and accordingly do the needful. For health education at the community level, it is better to approach local leaders who are influential and who have the people’s confidence. These may include local officers such as gramsevak, panchayat sarpanch ,police officer or block development officer etc . 45. HOSPITAL LEVEL 1) Health Education in OPD/Outdoor: The patient and his attendants have to spend a lot of time in the outpatient department for health check-up, treatment, registration, diagnosis, admission procedure etc. This period can be utilised for health education. For this, the following means/devices can be used: - Exhibiting pictures, posters, charts, bulletin board and models in the waiting hall. - Arranging group discussion, slide show, or documentary film in a proper place and on a proper topic. - Giving health education on a personal level in the consulting room. This mainly includes nutrition clinic, family planning clinic, psychiatric clinic etc. 46. - Distributing pamphlets. - Arranging street plays or nukkad naatak in the outpatient department or its neighbourhood. 47. 2) Health Education in wards/ IPD: While taking care of the patients the indoor patients, doctors s have the opportunities to educate them. This period can be fully utilised to give health education to the patients. For this the following methods can be effective: - Conversation with the patient and motivating him for change in his behaviour. - Imparting health education by arranging live demonstration for nutrition, treatment, diagnosis etc. - Providing clinical or bedside teaching. - Providing incidental teaching to patient and his attendants. 48. - Presenting examples. To describe the gains of health education in an individual suffering from the same health education in an individual suffering from the same disease and arranging a meeting between the patient and the cured old patients.