Question 1

Which of the following statements is true regarding parametric and nonparametric tests?

Accepted Answer

Parametric tests require assumptions such as normality and homogeneity of variance.

Answer

Nonparametric tests cannot analyze ranked data.

Answer

Parametric tests can be used with any sample size without any assumptions.

Answer

Nonparametric tests are always more powerful than parametric tests.

Question 2

What is a primary advantage of using nonparametric tests over parametric tests?

Accepted Answer

Nonparametric tests can be applied to smaller sample sizes and do not require normality assumptions.

Answer

Nonparametric tests are always more accurate than parametric tests.

Answer

Nonparametric tests can only analyze continuous data.

Answer

Nonparametric tests require larger sample sizes than parametric tests.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a common assumption made by parametric tests?

Accepted Answer

Data must be ordinal in nature.

Answer

Data should follow a normal distribution.

Answer

Samples should be randomly selected.

Answer

Variances across groups should be equal.

Question 4

When should a researcher prefer to use a nonparametric test instead of a parametric test?

Accepted Answer

When the sample size is less than 30 and the data does not meet parametric assumptions.

Answer

When the research question requires estimation of population parameters.

Answer

When the data is normally distributed and has a sample size over 30.

Answer

When conducting experiments with more than two independent groups.

Question 5

Which type of statistical test is best suited for analyzing ranked data?

Accepted Answer

Nonparametric tests.

Answer

T-tests.

Answer

Parametric tests.

Answer

ANOVA.

Question 6

Which of the following describes the primary characteristic of parametric tests?

Accepted Answer

They rely on specific assumptions about the population distribution and require a normally distributed sample.

Answer

They do not require any assumptions to be valid.

Answer

They can be used with any type of data without restrictions.

Answer

They are less powerful than nonparametric tests.

Question 7

What is a key difference between parametric and nonparametric tests?

Accepted Answer

Parametric tests require normally distributed data, while nonparametric tests do not rely on this assumption.

Answer

Parametric tests are less powerful than nonparametric tests under all conditions.

Answer

Nonparametric tests are always more complex than parametric tests.

Answer

Parametric tests can only analyze categorical data, whereas nonparametric tests analyze numerical data.

Question 8

Which of the following statements is true regarding the required sample size for parametric tests?

Accepted Answer

Parametric tests generally require a minimum sample size of 30 cases to be valid.

Answer

Parametric tests can be conducted with any sample size, regardless of the data characteristics.

Answer

Parametric tests are invalid if the sample size exceeds 50 cases.

Answer

Sample size does not affect the validity of parametric tests.

Question 9

What type of data analysis would be most appropriate if your data is not normally distributed and consists of ordinal measurements?

Accepted Answer

Nonparametric tests.

Answer

Parametric tests.

Answer

Correlation analysis.

Answer

Regression analysis.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the power of parametric tests compared to nonparametric tests?

Accepted Answer

Parametric tests are generally more powerful and have a higher chance of detecting a true effect when assumptions are met.

Answer

Parametric tests are less reliable and often yield incorrect conclusions.

Answer

Nonparametric tests are more powerful than parametric tests under all conditions.

Answer

Power is the same for both parametric and nonparametric tests regardless of the data.

Question 11

Which of the following statements is true regarding parametric and nonparametric tests?

Accepted Answer

Parametric tests are more powerful than nonparametric tests.

Answer

Nonparametric tests always provide more accurate results.

Answer

Parametric tests can be used on ranked data only.

Answer

Nonparametric tests require a minimum of 30 cases.

Question 12

What is a key assumption that must be met for parametric statistical tests to be valid?

Accepted Answer

Normality of the data distribution

Answer

Randomness of data order

Answer

Independence of ranked data

Answer

Homogeneity of rankings

Question 13

When is it most appropriate to use nonparametric statistical tests?

Accepted Answer

When the sample size is small and assumptions for parametric tests cannot be met

Answer

When analyzing continuous variables exclusively

Answer

When dealing with large datasets only

Answer

When all data points are normally distributed

Question 14

Which of the following is a common characteristic of nonparametric statistical tests?

Accepted Answer

They can be used for analyzing ordinal data

Answer

They assume equal variances among groups

Answer

They are limited to large sample sizes

Answer

They require normally distributed data

Question 15

Which of the following statements best describes the power of parametric tests compared to nonparametric tests?

Accepted Answer

Parametric tests generally have a higher power to detect a true effect when assumptions are met

Answer

Nonparametric tests are always more powerful

Answer

Both tests have equal power in all situations

Answer

Parametric tests are less reliable than nonparametric tests

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a basic assumption required for parametric statistical tests?

Accepted Answer

Data must be categorized into discrete groups

Answer

Data should be collected randomly

Answer

Data must exhibit homogeneity of variance

Answer

Data should be normally distributed

Question 17

What is a common advantage of using nonparametric tests?

Accepted Answer

They do not require the data to be normally distributed

Answer

They require larger sample sizes for validity

Answer

They are always more accurate than parametric tests

Answer

They assume equal variances among groups

Question 18

In which scenario would a researcher most likely choose to use parametric statistical tests?

Accepted Answer

When the sample size is 30 or more and the data meets normality assumptions

Answer

When the data is ordinal or ranked

Answer

When the sample size is less than 15

Answer

When analyzing categorical variables only

Question 19

Which statistical test would you likely use for analyzing ranked data?

Accepted Answer

Kruskal-Wallis test

Answer

ANOVA

Answer

t-test

Answer

Chi-square test

Question 20

What is a key factor that distinguishes parametric tests from nonparametric tests?

Accepted Answer

Parametric tests make specific assumptions about the population distribution

Answer

Parametric tests can only be used with small sample sizes

Answer

Nonparametric tests are faster to compute

Answer

Nonparametric tests are limited to two groups only

Question 21

Which of the following is a non-parametric test for comparing two independent samples?

Accepted Answer

Mann-Whitney U Test

Answer

Paired t-test

Answer

Independent Samples t-test

Answer

ANOVA

Question 22

What type of data is most appropriate for conducting a Median Test?

Accepted Answer

Ordinal data

Answer

Continuous data

Answer

Interval data

Answer

Nominal data

Question 23

Which non-parametric test is best suited for analyzing differences in ranks between two independent groups?

Accepted Answer

Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test

Answer

Independent Samples t-test

Answer

Kruskal-Wallis Test

Answer

Pearson Correlation

Question 24

In which scenario would you prefer using non-parametric tests over parametric tests?

Accepted Answer

When the data does not meet the assumptions of normality

Answer

When variances are equal

Answer

When sample sizes are large

Answer

When data is collected on interval scales only

Question 25

Which of the following tests can be used to compare medians between two independent samples?

Accepted Answer

Median Test

Answer

Independent Samples t-test

Answer

Chi-square test

Answer

Two-way ANOVA

Question 26

What assumption is not required for the Mann-Whitney U Test?

Accepted Answer

Normal distribution of data

Answer

Ordinal or continuous data

Answer

Equal variances

Answer

Independence of samples

Question 27

Which non-parametric test is specifically used to determine if there are differences in ranks between two independent groups?

Accepted Answer

Mann-Whitney U Test

Answer

Chi-square Test

Answer

Friedman Test

Answer

Independent Samples t-test

Question 28

Which of the following statements about non-parametric tests is true?

Accepted Answer

They can be used for ordinal and nominal data.

Answer

They provide more power than parametric tests.

Answer

They require assumptions of normal distribution.

Answer

They are only applicable to continuous data.

Question 29

What is the primary purpose of conducting a Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test?

Accepted Answer

To compare two related samples or matched observations

Answer

To test the relationship between two categorical variables

Answer

To analyze variance among three or more groups

Answer

To compare two independent samples

Question 30

Which of the following tests is NOT considered a non-parametric test?

Accepted Answer

Independent Samples t-test

Answer

Kruskal-Wallis Test

Answer

Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test

Answer

Mann-Whitney U Test

Question 31

Which of the following is a primary purpose of the Mann-Whitney U test?

Accepted Answer

To evaluate whether two independent samples have the same median

Answer

To determine if two groups have equal variances

Answer

To compare means of related samples

Answer

To test for normality in data distributions

Question 32

What type of data is suitable for the Mann-Whitney U test?

Accepted Answer

Ordinal or continuous data

Answer

Binary data only

Answer

Data requiring normality

Answer

Nominal data

Question 33

What is the null hypothesis in the context of the Mann-Whitney U test?

Accepted Answer

The two groups have the same median

Answer

The two groups are related

Answer

The two groups have different variances

Answer

The two groups have different means

Question 34

Which assumption must be met when using the Mann-Whitney U test?

Accepted Answer

Independence of observations

Answer

Data must be normally distributed

Answer

Data must be interval scale

Answer

Samples must have equal sizes

Question 35

What is a key advantage of using the Mann-Whitney U test over the independent samples t-test?

Accepted Answer

It does not require the assumption of normality

Answer

It requires larger sample sizes

Answer

It is used for related samples

Answer

It can only compare means

Question 36

In SPSS, which menu path would you follow to perform the Mann-Whitney U test?

Accepted Answer

Analyze→Nonparametric Tests→Legacy Dialogs→2 Independent Samples

Answer

Analyze→General Linear Model→Univariate

Answer

Analyze→Descriptive Statistics→Explore

Answer

Analyze→Compare Means→Independent Samples t-test

Question 37

What is the primary output of the Mann-Whitney U test?

Accepted Answer

The U statistic and p-value

Answer

The correlation coefficient

Answer

The confidence interval

Answer

The mean and standard deviation

Question 38

What is the first step in conducting a Mann-Whitney U test?

Accepted Answer

Rank the data by increasing values

Answer

Calculate the mean of each group

Answer

Check for normality in the data

Answer

Determine the variances of both samples

Question 39

Which type of test does the Mann-Whitney U test specifically serve as a non-parametric alternative to?

Accepted Answer

Independent samples t-test

Answer

Paired samples t-test

Answer

ANOVA

Answer

Chi-square test

Question 40

In a Mann-Whitney U test, what does a small p-value (typically less than 0.05) indicate?

Accepted Answer

There is a significant difference between the medians of the two groups

Answer

The group sizes are the same

Answer

The data complies with normality assumptions

Answer

The groups have equal variances

Question 41

What is the primary purpose of the Mann-Whitney U test?

Accepted Answer

To determine whether the medians of two samples are different

Answer

To evaluate the variance between two samples

Answer

To compare the means of two populations

Answer

To assess the correlation between two variables

Question 42

Which of the following conditions must be met to appropriately use the Mann-Whitney U test?

Accepted Answer

Variables should be measured on at least an ordinal scale

Answer

Variables must be measured on a nominal scale

Answer

Data must be normally distributed

Answer

Samples must have equal variances

Question 43

What null hypothesis does the Mann-Whitney U test evaluate?

Accepted Answer

The two groups have the same median

Answer

The two groups have equal sample sizes

Answer

The two groups have the same mean

Answer

The two groups have different variances

Question 44

What is the first step in conducting a Mann-Whitney U test?

Accepted Answer

Rank the data by increasing values

Answer

Calculate the means of the two groups

Answer

Check for normality in the data

Answer

Combine the two samples into one group

Question 45

Which statistical software can quickly calculate the Mann-Whitney U test?

Accepted Answer

SPSS

Answer

Excel

Answer

Python

Answer

R

Question 46

In the context of the Mann-Whitney U test, what does a significant result imply?

Accepted Answer

At least one group's median is different from the other

Answer

Both groups have the same sample size

Answer

There is no difference in any statistic between the groups

Answer

The means of both groups are equal

Question 47

What is one advantage of the Mann-Whitney U test compared to the t-test?

Accepted Answer

It does not require normality of data

Answer

It can only be used for large sample sizes

Answer

It requires equal sample sizes

Answer

It is more powerful than the t-test

Question 48

What does the Mann-Whitney U test examine when comparing two independent samples?

Accepted Answer

The ranks of the samples' observations

Answer

The means of each sample

Answer

The variances of the two samples

Answer

The frequencies of each category

Question 49

What should be the nature of the observations when conducting a Mann-Whitney U test?

Accepted Answer

Observations should be independent

Answer

Observations should be related

Answer

Observations must be sampled from the same population

Answer

Observations can be dependent on each other

Question 50

What is the final step in the procedure for conducting a Mann-Whitney U test?

Accepted Answer

Conduct the statistical test for the null hypothesis

Answer

Verify the sample sizes of each group

Answer

Rank the data within each group

Answer

Calculate the sums of ranks for both groups

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