Age of Revolutions

(1796-1815) Wars between Napoleon and the rest of Europe, which helped spread the ideas of the French Revolution

Liberty! Equality! Fraternity! Chant used by French Revolutionaries

Meeting of representatives of European monarchs; called to reestablish the old order after the defeat of Napoleon

Those who favor extreme change.

traditional ways of government

People who generally favor government action and view change as progress.

A belief that people should be loyal to their nation, the people with whom they share land, culture, language, religion and nationality rather than to a leader or border.

joining together of politically divided, but culturally similar lands

breaking apart of a country in which the people do not have a common culture

"realistic politics," practical politics, ends justified the means, power more important than principle, practiced by Otto von Bismarck

Germany's chancellor; He was successful in unifying Germany.

Emperor of France who was responsible for many French Revolution reforms as well as conquering most of Europe; He was defeated at Waterloo, and died several years later on the island of Saint Helena.

Kaiser of Germany

lead the unification of the northern Italian states and convinced Garibaldi in the south to unify with the north

leader of Red Shirts during Italian unification