The right of people in a territory or state to vote directly on issues rather than have their elected representatives decide.

a proposed law.

a principle of the U.S. Constitution that states that the government has only the powers that the Constitution gives it.

to reject, as when the President rejects a law passed by Congress.

a principle of the U.S. Constitution that gives each branch of government the power to check, or limit, the actions of the other branches.

To set aside; disregard; overrule replace.

Document in which the laws, principles, organization, and processes of a government are established.

A principle of the U.S. Constitution that established the division of power between the federal government and the states.

Contrary to what is permitted by the U.S. Constitution.

To approve. The Constitution could not go into effect until it was _____________ed by 9 states.

To cancel. "An amendment can be -------- ed"

an agreement in which each side gives up par of what it wants to end a disagreement.

A law that divided much of the United States into a system of townships to facilitate the sale of land to settlers.

A weak constitution created in 1777 that governed America during the Revolutionary War. There was no executive (president) and the states had their own armies and could print their own money.

Created the Northwest Territory (area north of the Ohio River and west of Pennsylvania), established conditions for self-government and statehood, included a Bill of Rights, and permanently prohibited slavery

A square normally 6 miles on a side. The Land Ordinance of 1785 divided much of the United States into a series of these.

Rebellion led by Daniel Shays of farmers in western Massachusetts in 1786-1787, protesting mortgage foreclosures. It highlighted the need for a strong national government just as the call for the Constitutional Convention went out.

Period when business activity slows, prices and wages drop, and unemployment rises. This occurred in the 1780s and resulted in farms being seized by the government.

consisted of a strong national government with three branches (Executive, Legislative, and Judicial) and a bicameral (two house) legislature (Congress) with a Senate and a House of Representatives whose memberships would be based upon a state's population. (More people = more representatives.

This plan also called for a national government of three branches (Executive, Legislative, and Judicial). However, the Legislative Branch would be unicameral (one house) with each state, no matter how populous, having only one vote.

Created by Roger Sherman of Connecticut, an agreement providing a dual system of congressional representation (upper house would have two seats per state, lower house based on population)

Distribution of representatives among the states based on the population of each state

The population of slaves would be counted as three-fifths in total when apportioning Representatives, as well as Presidential electors and taxes.

A meeting in Philadelphia in 1787 that produced a new constitution

A system where representatives in the House of Representatives are assigned based on population. Used in Virginia Plan and Great Compromise (30,000 people = 1 representative)

The first ten amendments to the Constitution. These amendments aim to protect people against abuses by the federal government

People who supported the new constitution and a strong central government. Includes James Madison, John Jay, and Alexander Hamilton.

Opponents of ratification of the Constitution and of a strong central government, generally.

It prohibits any "Person holding any Office of Profit or Trust under [the United States]" from accepting "any present, Emolument, Office, or Title, of any kind whatever, from any King, Prince, or foreign State."

One of the two major U.S political party. Considered more liberal and left leaning than the Republican Party. Support government intervention in social programs, gun control, less military spending. (Obama, Clinton, Kennedy)

One of the two major U.S. political parties. Considered more conservative and right leaning than the Democratic Party. Supports limited government, lower taxes, strong military. (Trump, Bush, Reagan)

open to new behavior or opinions and willing to discard traditional values. Usually describes Democrats.

A person who believes government power, particularly in the economy, should be limited in order to maximize individual freedom. Usually describes Republicans

Devoted to or biased in support of a party, group, or cause.

supported by two parties

a person whom a member of Congress has been elected to represent. People in the 49th District are Mike Levin's _____________s.

review by the US Supreme Court of the constitutional validity of a legislative act.