Taxed paper goods

lowered taxes on molasses

Stated that British Parliament had the right to tax and make all decisions for the colonies

A tax that the British Parliament placed on leads, glass, paint and tea (Townshend Act)

Tax on tea

American colonists who remained loyal to Britain and opposed the war for independence (Patriots)

American colonist who favored American independence (Patriot)

Who sent representatives to discuss American problems?

law forbidding English colonists to settle west of the Appalachian Mountains

a fight between the British and colonist--5 colonist were killed

protest against increased tea prices in which colonists dumped British tea into Boston harbor

the document asserting the independence of the colonies from Great Britain

An offer of peace sent by the Second Continental Congress to King George III (Olive Branch Petition)

first battles of the Revolutionary War

a battle that took place on the strategic point of Breed's Hill. British victory on account of the depletion of American supplies. yet gave them confidence - It pushed Americans towards a final decision for war.  (Battle of Breed's Hill)

King of England during the American Revolution

Author of the Declaration of Independence

American silversmith remembered for his midnight ride (celebrated in a poem by Longfellow) to warn the colonists in Lexington and Concord that British troops were coming (1735-1818)

Became prime minister of Britain in 1763; he persuaded the Parliament to pass a law allowing smugglers to be sent to vice-admiralty courts which were run by British officers and had no jury. He did this to end smuggling. (George Washington)

American General who was labeled a traitor when he assisted the British in a failed attempt to take the American fort at West Point.

private ships hired to attack the British

Commander of the Continental Army

Leader of the Sons of Liberty

Killed in Boston Massacre, black laborer, only African-American person killed in Boston Massacre (Crispus Attucks)

Patriot leader and president of the Second Continental Congress; first person to sign the Declaration of Independence.

Leader of the Green Mountain Boys; captured Fort Ticonderoga

Printer, author, inventor, diplomat, statesman, and Founding Father.

Leader of the American Revolution, leader in the 2nd Continental Congress (John Adams)

"Give me liberty or give me death"

German soldiers hired by George III to fight against the colonist

agreement signed by British and American leaders that stated the United States of America was a free and independent country

Army formed in 1775 by the Second Continental Congress and led by General George Washington

Place where Washington's army spent the winter of 1777-1778, a 4th of troops died here from disease and malnutriton, Steuben comes and trains troops

Turning point of the American Revolution. It was very important because it convinced the French to give the U.S. military support. It lifted American spirits, ended the British threat in New England by taking control of the Hudson River, and, most importantly, showed the French that the Americans had the potential to beat their enemy, Great Britain.

French town that surrendered to Clark's army but was recaptured by British without a fight; after a bloody fight, the town was once again in Patriot's hands

On Christmas day at night, Washington's soldiers began crossing the Deleware River. The next morning, they suprise attacked the British mercenaries which were Hessians.

Britain promised to free slaves that were loyalists; angered many slave owners and strengthened the Patriot cause in the South

In which battle did this happen?: Lafayette and Wane trapped Cornwallis in Yorktown

Last major battle of the Revolutionary War. Cornwallis and his troops were trapped in the Chesapeake Bay by the French fleet. He was sandwiched between the French navy and the American army. He surrendered October 19, 1781.

Hessians, mercenaries, and some natives

France and Spain

Well equiped and disciplined army, great navy, support form the loyalists. (British Strengths)

Knew the territory; fought a guerrilla war that British troops were not used to; persistent, fierce fighters; Washington leading the men (British Strengths)

officer from Germany who trained the American soldiers

French general who commanded French troops in the American Revolution, notably at Yorktown (1725-1807)

Commanding general of the British forces that were defeated at Yorktown in 1781, ending the American Revolution.

French soldier who joined General Washington's staff and became a general in the Continental Army. Joined as a general at the age of 19.

South Carolina militia leader nicknamed the "Swamp Fox" for his hit-and-run attacks on the British during the American Revolution.

called the "Hair Buyer" because he paid for American Scalps

British general in the American Revolution who captured Fort Ticonderoga but lost the battle of Saratoga in 1777 (1722-1792)

British Commanding General at the start of the American Revolution--Battle of Bunker Hill.

Group who was led by Ethan Allen and captured at Fort Ticonderoga

American naval commander in the American Revolution (1747-1792) said " I have not yet begun to fight."

helped Americans bc inspired by their claims to liberty - polish

sent by the Continental Congress to France to tell the Burgoyne's army war was captured

American spy who said "I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country."

brought water to soldiers

Women who dressed as a man to fight for the American Revolutionary War

She was a nurse; she took her husband's place in the war when he died.

Wrote the Constitution

First Constitution of the US

Adopted by the Continental Congress on Nov. 1777

How many states had to approve of changes in the Articles of Confederation?

Congress of American leaders which first met in 1775, declared independence in 1776, and helped lead the United States during the Revolution--called by A. Hamilton

Cannot tax, no rules for drafting men, no regulating foreign trade, all 13 states had to approve of changes, no power forcing states to follow the laws, no president, each state has one vote, all states have the same amount of power.

Negotiated a peace treaty with Britain, Expanded foreign trade, settled and gov. western lands

law that set rules for surveying and selling land in the Northwest Territory

made it possible for NW Territories to become states (through 60,000 people and a petition)

made it easier to buy the land from the NW Territory

9 states ratified this better plan of government

When was the U. S. Constitution was signed and ratified?

people who opposed the Constitution (Antifederalist)

Leader of Shay's Rebellion

A 1786 rebellion in which an army of angry farmers marched to Springfield, Massachusetts, and forcefully restrained the state court from foreclosing mortgages on their farms.

Farmer's retaliation in 1787

The suggested plan of gov. that gave more power to the federal government

The suggested plan of gov. with a bicameral legislature

The suggested plan of gov. with proportional representation

The suggested plan of gov. with equal representation

The plan of the people who feared fewer votes than larger states

Agreement that each slave counted as three-fifths of a person in determining representation in the House for representation and taxation purposes

Which branch of gov. makes the laws, Congress (Senate and the House of Representatives)?

A legislature consisting of two parts, or houses

9th state to ratify the constitution

Carries out the laws

settles disputes in the law

Compromise made by Constitutional Convention in which states would have equal representation in one house of the legislature and representation based on population in the other house

supporters of the Constitution (Antifederalist)

2 large states that had to support ratification in order for the Constitution to be adopted

1st state to ratify the constitution

The date Delaware ratified the Constitution

When was the Constitution ratified by NH?

Last state (13th) to ratify the constitution

A system that allows each branch of government to limit the powers of the other branches in order to prevent abuse of power

A way of dividing the power of government among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, each staffed separately, with equality and independence of each branch ensured by the Constitution.

Each state has 2 representatives from this section of government; this followed the NJ plan--equal representation

Each state has representatives based on population from this section of government; this followed the VA plan--representation by population

proposed government of checks and balances

Stated 'All people should have life, liberty, and property.' and 'government is based off of a contract between people and their ruler'

Key person in the Continental Congress, lead the CC meetings, Shay's Rebellion convinced him to go to the 2nd CC meeting

Called the convention for changes to the AOC

wrote 51 (the majority) of the Federalist Papers

A collection of 85 articles written by Alexander Hamilton (51), John Jay (5), and James Madison (29) to defend the Constitution

He helped draft the Great Compromise that determined how states would be represented in Congress; from CT

wrote the Constitution, "Father of the Constitution," and a Federalist leader

Two very important English documents used in England to give people more rights - later an influence on the Declaration of Independence and Constitution

Key leader of the CC (oldest person in the meeting)

How many people were at the 2nd Constitutional Convention?

The original plan and reason for the 2nd CC was to completely get rid of the AOC and create a new plan.

When was the Constitutional Convention held?

Where was the Constitutional Convention held?

Why was it essential for G. Washington and B. Franklin to be at the 2nd CC

When was the Constitutional Convention called by A. Hamilton?