A form of government in which the people select representatives to govern them and make laws.

In ancient Rome, a member of the landholding privileged upper class.

Under the Roman Republic, one of the two magistrates holding supreme civil and military authority. Nominated by the Senate and elected by citizens in the Comitia Centuriata, the consuls held office for one year and each had power of veto over the other. Supervised government and commanded the armies.

Chosen by the senate as a temporary ruler in the event of war. A ruler with complete control over the government

Members of the lower class of Ancient Rome including farmers, merchants, artisans and traders. Fought for the right to elect their own officials.Gained access to. power and their rights were protected.

Officials elected by the Plebians. Spoke for the plebeians and could veto actions of the Senate. The council of Plebs made laws for all plebeians.

Power of trubunes to block laws the Pelbians felt harmed them

A policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries poitically, socially, and economically.

Spain to Egypt

establishing control over foreign lands and controlling busy trade routs bring tremendous riches.

Made dictator for life in 45 BCE, after conquering Gaul, assassinated in 44 BCE by the Senate because they were afraid of his power

A daring general in the army of Julius Caesar who rose to become one of Caesar's closest colleagues. After Caesar was assassinated in 44 B.C., he jumped into the struggle for control of Rome. He finally lost to Octavian and committed suicide with Cleopatra.

economic reforms; created efficient, well trained civil service to enforce laws; allow cities self government; established a census to help regulate taxes; jobless built roads temples and farmed land.

"Romanized"and organized the empire- built bridges, roads, and aqueducts, ruled during the height of the Pax Romana, Built Hadrians Wall across Britain, strengthened borders; codified Roman law

Pax Romana

Roman emperor of 284 C.E. Attempted to deal with fall of Roman Empire by splitting the empire into two regions run by co-emperors. Also brought armies back under imperial control, and attempted to deal with the economic problems by strengthening the imperial currency, forcing a budget on the government, and capping prices to deal with inflation. Civil war erupted upon his retirement.

Emperor of the Roman Empire who moved the capital to Constantinople. He eventually converted to Christianity as well.

1. economic decay-raids by pirates/barbarians disrupts trade, leading to inflation and scarcity of products, 2. military decay-Roman soldiers fight for $, not patriotism, hired barbarians, political decay-people lost interest and were angry over taxes, 4. Dio. splits empire, 5. barbarians overrun empire and sack Rome (Huns, Visigoths, Goths etc)

christianity and the church, codified laws- 12 tables, aqueducts, arch, sewer system, roads (the apian way), system of government- the republic, latin (romance languages)

Classical Roman poet, author of Aeneid; Rome was a heroic as Greece;

grandeur architecture; stadiums as symbols of Roman power; utilized concrete; developed arched dome as roof

Concrete, arches, domes, roads and stadiums, aqueducts

- initially seen as disloyal to the emperor

First four books of the New Testament of the Christian Bible : Matthew, Mark, Luke, John

Gospels;

A Jew from the Greek city of Tarsus in Anatolia, he initially persecuted the followers of Jesus but, according to Christian belief, after receiving a revelation on the road to Syrian Damascus, he became arguably the most significant figure in the spread of Christianity and the shaping of its doctrine.

A Greek word that means "witness," referring to those who were put to death because of their religious beliefs.

a Christian sacrament signifying spiritual cleansing and rebirth

Bishops of Rome; claimed authority over other bishops

beliefs said to be contrary to official church teachings