Actual movement of individuals who have adopted the idea/innovation, and carry it to a new(and maybe distant) locale, where they disseminate it(ex: migration)

The distance-controlled spreading of an idea, innovation, or some other item through a local population by contact from person to person - analogous to the communication of a contagious illness.

A form of diffusion in which an idea or innovation spreads by passing first among the most connected places or peoples.

Spread of an underlying principal, even though a specific characteristic of it apparently fails to diffuse.

A change in the rates of population growth. Before the transition, both birth and death rates are high, resulting in a slowly growing population; then the death rate drops but the birth rate remains high, causing a population explosion. (867)

The shift from high death rates to low death rates in a population as a result of modern medical and sanitary developments

18th century English intellectual who warned that population growth threatened future generations because, in his view, population growth would always outstrip increases in agricultural production.

A model that holds that the potential use of a service at a particular location is directly related to the number of people in a location and inversely related to the distance people must travel to reach the service.

Analyzed agricultural location as primarily a factor of transportation coast and profit maximization by farmers prior to industrialization.

Principal critic of Malthusian theory who argued that overpopulation could be solved by increasing the number of subsistence farmers.

A set of 11 "laws" that can be organized into three groups: the reasons why migrants move, the distance they typically move, and their characteristics.

Model developed by Alfred Weber according to which the location of manufacturing establishments is determined by the minimization of three critical expenses: labor, transportation, and agglomeration.

A model of the spatial structure of development in which underdeveloped countries are defined by their dependence on a developed core region.

A theory of language diffusion, which holds that the spread of Indo-European languages originated with animal domestication; originated in the Central Asian steppes; and was violent and swift.

A theory of Indo European Diffusion 9000 yrs ago in Turkey. Plant domestication -> farming ->gradual diffusion. Critics argue that terms for animals are more crucial than plants.

A model of economic development that describes a country's progression which occurs in five stages transforming them from least-developed to most-developed countries

A model of economic and social development that explains global inequality in terms of the historical exploitation of poor nations by rich ones

A model describing urban land uses as a series of circular belts or rings around a core central business district, each ring housing a distinct type of land use

A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a collection of nodes of activities. Ed Ullman and Chancy Harris developed this in 1945

A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a series of sectors, or wedges, radiating out from the central business district (CBD). Developed by Homer Hoyt.

A simplified description of urban land use, especially descriptive of the modern North American city. it features a number of dispersed, peripheral centers of dynamic commercial and industrial activity linked by sophisticated urban transportation networks.

A theory that explains the distribution of services, based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther.

Formed by Mark Jefferson- explains the phenomenon of huge cities that capture such a large proportion of a county's population and economy

Defined by Friedrich Ratzel, this theory suggests that states must continually expand and acquire new territory to provide for their ever-growing populations.

Hypothesis proposed by Halford MacKinder that held that any political power based in the heart of Eurasia could gain enough strength to eventually dominate the world.

Nicholas Spykman's theory that the domination of the coastal fringes of Eurasia would provided the base for world conquest.

A model of the Latin American city showing a blend of traditional elements of Latin American culture with the forces of globalization that are reshaping the urban scene.

A geographical economic theory that refers to how the price and demand on real estate changes as the distance towards the Central Business District (CBD) increases. It states that different land users will compete with one another for land close to the city center.

A belief that the world is characterized by scarcity and competition in which too many people fight for few resources. Pessimists who warn of the global ecopolitical dangers of uncontrolled population growth

Theory developed by economist Harold Hotelling that suggests competitors, in trying to maximize sales, will seek to constrain each other's territory as much as possible which will therefore lead them to locate adjacent to one another in the middle of their collective customer base (the Ice Cream Model).

Models that assume that all countries are capable of developing economically in the same way, but disparities in countries cause inefficiencies in local or regional markets

Model stating that economic disparities are the result of historically derived power relations w/in the global economic system; cannot be changed easily (misleading to assume all areas will go through the same process of development).

A view of the global economic system as one divided between certain industrialized nations that control wealth and developing countries that are controlled and exploited.

Holds that in an ideal (or model) urban hierarchy, the population of a city or town will be inversely proportional to its rank in the hierarchy. For example, if the largest city has 12 million people, the second largest will have about 6 million (1/2) and the third will have 4 million (1/3). So n= the population ranking and the ratio will be 1/n. This leads to evenly spaced cities which provides services for the population in a somewhat uniform way.

A model which shows people migrate because of a combination of push and pull factors

People become increasingly mobile as industrialization develops. Emigration occurs during Stages 2 and 3 while immigration occurs during Stages 4 and 5 of the Demographic Transition Model.

Influence of a culture decreases the further one travels from the core