Question 1

A latent interest is an interest __________.

Accepted Answer

neither recognized nor represented by an interest group

Answer

recognized and represented by an interest group

Answer

based on input from free riders

Answer

mandated by voting records of interest group members

Question 2

Alexis de Tocqueville observed in 1834 that “in no country of the world has the principle of association been __________.”

Accepted Answer

more successfully used or applied to a greater multitude of objectives than in America

Answer

less successfully used or applied than in America

Answer

more subject to abuse than in America, where two, but only two, factions have control over the entire scope of government

Answer

more subject to abuse than in America

Question 3

Direct techniques used by interest groups include __________.

Accepted Answer

building alliances with other groups to enhance their collective effectiveness

Answer

using YouTube, Twitter, and Facebook to generate influence

Answer

staging demonstrations, marches, and boycotts

Answer

using constituents to lobby Congress on behalf of an issue

Question 4

Because the economically disadvantaged cannot afford to join interest groups, they are __________.

Accepted Answer

indirectly represented, with only little direct voice of their own

Answer

largely represented by labor unions

Answer

largely represented by business groups

Answer

not represented; they intentionally choose to be outsiders

Question 5

A strategy employed by interest groups that uses the general public or individual constituents to influence government officials is known as a(n) __________.

Accepted Answer

indirect technique

Answer

direct technique

Answer

material technique

Answer

solidary contact

Question 6

Congress’s first attempt to control lobbyists, the Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act of 1946, __________.

Accepted Answer

proved largely ineffectual because it provided for public disclosure more than for regulation

Answer

reduced the effectiveness of most interest groups

Answer

forced many interest groups to abandon attempts to influence the government

Answer

ironically caused an increase in the number of lobbyists in Washington, DC

Question 7

People who become members of interest groups in response to purposive incentives join __________.

Accepted Answer

for ethical beliefs or ideological reasons

Answer

because they have been pressured to do so

Answer

for a sense of belonging

Answer

for economic opportunities

Question 8

The U.S. Chamber of Commerce and the National Association of Manufacturers (NAM) are known as umbrella groups because they __________.

Accepted Answer

represent certain types of businesses or companies that deal in a particular type of product

Answer

are based in the Pacific Northwest, where rainfall is a frequent occurrence

Answer

use lobbyists, who are said to offer protection for “rainy days”

Answer

combine with other types of interest groups, such as public interest groups and professional organizations,
in order to achieve their objectives

Question 9

Interest groups __________.

Accepted Answer

allow for more powerful representation of the opinions of individuals

Answer

would greatly increase in number if the Supreme Court reversed itself by extending First Amendment
protections to interest groups

Answer

are largely irrelevant to the actions of American government

Answer

are disadvantaged by the fact that pressure on government officials can be applied at relatively few points

Question 10

The “shotgun” approach of mobilizing constituents to lobby for an interest group’s goals may __________.

Accepted Answer

be ineffective because the legislators know that the activity has been artificially manufactured

Answer

be best suited to interest groups that are focused on a single-message, like the National Rifle Association

Answer

also incorporate a demonstration or boycott to draw attention to the groups message

Answer

require a minimal number of participants to effect considerable change if the message is “on target”

Question 11

Indirect techniques used by interest groups include __________.

Accepted Answer

mobilizing the general public to influence the government on issues of concern to them

Answer

rating voting records of members of Congress and publicizing the results

Answer

forming alliances with other groups that are concerned about the same legislation

Answer

paying members of Congress to act as consultants

Question 12

The fact that American farmers and their workers represent only 2 percent of the U.S. population supports the proposition that __________.

Accepted Answer

small percentages of the populace can be effective if they organize

Answer

more farmers are needed today than 40 years ago

Answer

farmers are an unsuccessful interest group

Answer

geographical dispersion works against the formation of effective interest groups

Question 13

__________ sees political struggle as the pitting of different groups against each other to reach a compromise.

Accepted Answer

Pluralism

Answer

Despotism

Answer

Majoritarianism

Answer

Minoritarianism

Question 14

The existence of interest groups ___________.

Accepted Answer

poses problems for our representative democracy because the upper classes often dominate interest groups

Answer

conclusively demonstrates the validity of the pluralist model of our representative democracy

Answer

is required by the Constitution in Article IV

Answer

conclusively demonstrates the validity of the majoritarian model of our representative democracy

Question 15

__________ is the ability of interest groups to mandate or defeat policies needed for the public good.

Accepted Answer

Hyper-pluralism

Answer

Pluralism

Answer

Majoritarianism

Answer

Hyper-majoritarianism

Question 16

An interest group that offers material incentives to induce people to join its ranks is the __________.

Accepted Answer

American Association of Retired Persons

Answer

Occupy Movement

Answer

National Audubon Society

Answer

American Civil Liberties Union

Question 17

People who become members of interest groups in response to material incentives join __________ .

Accepted Answer

to receive direct economic benefits

Answer

for reasons of belonging

Answer

to express their ethical beliefs or personal convictions

Answer

to have an impact, politically, economically, or socially on society

Question 18

Political endorsements by interest groups are ___________.

Accepted Answer

important because groups publicize their choices in their membership publications

Answer

important although candidates cannot identify the specific source of any endorsement

Answer

relatively unimportant, given the power of political parties

Answer

violations of campaign finance reform laws

Question 19

Which of the following statements best reflects the role of foreign interests in lobbying the U.S. government?

Accepted Answer

International and multinational corporations spend millions of dollars each year on lobbying in the United States in an effort to create favorable business and trade conditions.

Answer

Although foreign corporations are allowed to lobby Congress, they are forbidden by law from hiring former members of Congress to lobby on their behalf.

Answer

Royal Dutch Shell, a Netherlands-based oil company, spent almost $3 million in 2011 to lobby the U.S. government.

Answer

After 9/11 Saudi Arabia virtually ceased all lobbying efforts in the United States.

Question 20

In the __________ approach to lobbying, an interest group may request that managers or owners of businesses who are responsible for many jobs or who control other resources to contact their senators.

Accepted Answer

“rifle”

Answer

“grassroots”

Answer

“purposive”

Answer

“shotgun”

Question 21

Which of the listed has been an important function in the role of the mass media?

Accepted Answer

II, III, and IV only

Answer

I, II, and III only

Answer

II and IV only

Answer

I only

Question 22

Those media executive and news editors who decide which events to present and how to present the news are called

Accepted Answer

gatekeepers

Answer

content regulators

Answer

telecommunication regulators

Answer

technical regulators

Question 23

An example of an interest group that would promote a specific cause is

Accepted Answer

the National Rifle Association

Answer

The National Grange

Answer

The Teamsters Union

Answer

the American Bar Association

Question 24

Which of the following is NOT a function of an interest group?

Accepted Answer

represent a broad range of interests

Answer

provide information to the government

Answer

serve as a link between its members and government

Answer

raise awareness and stimulate interest in public affairs

Question 25

An example of a public interest group is

Accepted Answer

the League of Women Voters

Answer

the National Council of Churches

Answer

the American Association of Retired Persons

Answer

the American Jewish Congress

Question 26

Which of the following is true regarding the regulation of lobbying?

Accepted Answer

Both the Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act and the Lobbying Disclosure Act required lobbyist to register

Answer

The Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act was directed at those who tried to influence members of the executive branch

Answer

The first major attempt to regulate lobbying came during the Progressive Era in the early years of the 20th century

Answer

In the second half of the 20th century, laws regulating lobbying became more lenient.

Question 27

All of the following are common ways that interest groups lobby to influence decisions made by the federal government EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

meeting privately with representatives and government officials to propose legislation

Answer

endorsing political candidates who support their cause

Answer

offering political donations to candidates or parties that support their cause through political action committees

Answer

publishing press realizes which promote their views among the general public

Question 28

All of the following categories of interest groups represent types noneconomic views EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

professional associations

Answer

single-issue

Answer

government

Answer

public interest

Question 29

All of the following are ways in which ordinary citizens attempt to pressure their legislators to take action EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

contributing money to an interest group, which donates those funds to a candidate for office

Answer

traveling with a group of people to Washington, D.C. to meet with a legislator

Answer

writing a petition and collecting signatures

Answer

starting letter writing campaigns

Question 30

If an issue has low intensity and low saliency for much of the public, then an interest group will

Accepted Answer

be more likely to influence members of Congress

Answer

use television media to raise as much awareness of the issue as possible

Answer

forma coalition with other interest groups whose issues have low intensity and low saliency

Answer

not be able to convince any member of Congress to care about it.

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