begins with a main clause that is followed by phrases and/or clauses that modify the main clause. These phrases or clauses add information to the main or independent clause.

a sentence that, by leaving the completion of its main clause to the end, produces an effect of suspense.

a figure of speech in which a negative statement is used to affirm a positive statement.

expresses the assumption necessarily shared by the speaker and the audience.

an appeal to ethics and it is a means of convincing someone of the character or credibility of the persuader.

an appeal to emotion, and is a way of convincing an audience of an argument by creating an emotional response.

an appeal to logic, and is a way of persuading an audience by reason.

an acknowledgement that an opposing argument may be true or reasonable. In a strong argument, a concession is usually accompanied by a refutation challenging the validity if the opposing argument.

the Latin inducere, "to lead into," induction is a logical process wherein you reason from particulars to universal, using specific cases in order to draw a conclusion, which is also called a generalization.

a logical process wherein you reach a conclusion by starting with a general principle or universal truth (a major premise). The process of deduction is usually demonstrated in the form of a syllogism:

Essentially a syllogism with one of the premises implied, and taken for granted as understood.

a fallacy of argument in which a lie is given the appearance of truth, or in which the truth is misrepresented in deceptive language.

a denial of the validity of an opposing argument. In order to sound reasonable, a refutation often follows a concession that acknowledges that an opposing argument may be true or reasonable. One of the stages in classical oration, usually following the confirmation, or proof, and preceding the conclusion, or peroration.

a figure of speech defined by the repetition of the initial word (or words) of a clause or sentence at the end of that same clause or sentence.

a speaker's choice of words. Analysis of diction looks at these choices and what they add to the speaker's message.

a figure of speech used to explain or clarify an idea by comparing it explicitly to something else, using words like, as, or as though.

figure of speech that compares two things without using like or as.

the intentional repetition of beginning clauses in order to create an artistic effect.

repetition of a concluding word or word endings. When the epistrophe focuses on sounds rather than entire words, we normally call it rhyme. Epistrophe is an example of a rhetorical scheme.

a rhetorical trope involving a part of an object representing the whole, or the whole of an object representing a part.

Aristotle defined rhetoric as "the faculty of observing in any given case the available means of persuasion." In other words, it is the art of finding ways of persuading an audience.

brief reference to a person, event, or place (real or fictitious) to to a work of art.

deliberate exaggeration used for emphasis or to produce a comic or ironic effect; an overstatement to make a point.

attribution of a lifelike quality to an inanimate object or an idea.

Repetition of the same sound beginning several words or syllables in sequence.

omission of conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words.

the deliberate use of multiple conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses or words.

similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses.

opposition, or contrast or ideas or words in a parallel construction.

Figure of speech in the form of a question posed for the rhetorical effect rather than for the purpose of getting an answer.

the reversal in the order of words in two otherwise parallel phrases.

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a fallacy of argument in which the writer's claim is answered by irrelevant attacks on his or her character.

a fallacy of argument in which a course of action is recommended on the grounds that everyone else is following it.

a fallacy of argument in which a claim is based on the very grounds that are in doubt or dispute.

the substitution of a descriptive word or phrase for a proper name or conversely the use of a proper name as a shorthand to stand for qualities associated with it.

Exposition- illustrates a point

a specific event, person, or detail of an idea cited and/or developed to support or illustrate a thesis or topic.

a method of presenting similarities and differences between or among at least two persons, places, things, ideas, etc.

establishes a relationship: B is the result of A. The cause-and-effect essay can emphasize the cause and effect, or can treat both equally.

separates items into major categories and details the characteristics of each group is placed within the category.

simply "how to" do something is done. It can have one of two purposes. It can either give instructions or inform the reader about how something is done.

identifies the class to which a specific term belongs and those characteristics which make it different from all the other items in that class. There are several types of definitions: physical, historical, emotional, psychological, and relationship(s) to others.

is nothing more than storytelling. There is a beginning, a middle, and an end.

writing that appeals t the senses. It can be objective, which is scientific or clinical, or it can be impressionistic, which tries to involve the reader's emotions or feelings.

a fallacy of argument in which a claim is supported on the grounds that it's the only conclusion acceptable within a given community.

a fallacy of argument in which a complicated issue is misrepresented as offering only two possible alternatives, one of which is often made to seem vastly preferable to the other.

a fallacy of argument in which a claim is based on the expertise of someone who lacks appropriate credentials.

a fallacy of argument making the unwarranted assumption that because one event follows another, the first event causes the second. Also called post hoc, ergo propter hoc, this forms the basis of many superstitions.

a fallacy of argument in which an inference is drawn from insufficient data.

a fallacy of argument in which claims, reasons, or warrants fail to connect logically; one point doesn't follow from another.