Question 1

A point of view conveyed through an argument, lens, or stakeholder position.

Accepted Answer

Perspective

Question 2

A filter through which a topic is examined (e.g., economic, ethical, scientific, political, cultural).

Accepted Answer

Lens

Question 3

An individual or group affected by or having an interest in an issue.

Accepted Answer

Stakeholder

Question 4

A statement or assertion that expresses a specific argument or position.

Accepted Answer

Claim

Question 5

Information (data, facts, examples) used to support a claim.

Accepted Answer

Evidence

Question 6

The logical connection that links evidence to a claim.

Accepted Answer

Reasoning

Question 7

The background, circumstances, or setting that shape an issue or argument.

Accepted Answer

Context

Question 8

A particular inclination or prejudice that affects objectivity.

Accepted Answer

Bias

Question 9

The trustworthiness and reliability of a source or author.

Accepted Answer

Credibility

Question 10

The degree to which evidence or information is directly related to the research question or claim.

Accepted Answer

Relevance

Question 11

The extent to which an argument is logically sound and based on credible evidence.

Accepted Answer

Validity

Question 12

A weakness or constraint in a study, argument, or data set.

Accepted Answer

Limitation

Question 13

A possible consequence or effect suggested by an argument or finding.

Accepted Answer

Implication

Question 14

Combining ideas from multiple sources to form a coherent understanding or argument.

Accepted Answer

Synthesis

Question 15

The logical progression of ideas that connects claims and evidence.

Accepted Answer

Line of reasoning (LOR)

Question 16

Something accepted as true without proof, often underlying an argument.

Accepted Answer

Assumption

Question 17

An opposing viewpoint that challenges a claim or reasoning.

Accepted Answer

Counterargument

Question 18

The process or approach used in research or data collection.

Accepted Answer

Methodology

Question 19

A scholarly article evaluated by experts before publication, indicating credibility.

Accepted Answer

Peer-reviewed source

Question 20

The guiding question that directs investigation and synthesis in the IRR.

Accepted Answer

Research question (RQ)

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