Question 1

Define genetic diversity and provide an example

Accepted Answer

The diversity or variance of genes or traits within individuals of a population. Diveristy of fur coloration in squirrels, Beak size in finches

Question 2

Explain how high genetic diversity for a trait would be beneficial to the population

Accepted Answer

high diversity for a trait increases the likelihood of an individual in the population having a favorable trait to adapt to any changes in the environment

Question 3

Explain the difference between species richness and species evenness

Accepted Answer

richness is the number of different species found in an ecosystem, while evenness refers to how balanced the distribution or population sizes are

Question 4

Define ecosystem diversity

Accepted Answer

the variance in different ecosystems or habitats found in a given area

Question 5

Describe provisioning services using an example from an ocean ecosystem

Accepted Answer

things provided to humans from nature that have value such as fish we catch

Question 6

Identify the relationship between ecosystem diversity and species diversity

Accepted Answer

there is a direct relationship or positive correlation between ecosystem diversity and species diversity

Question 7

Describe supporting services using an example from a grassland ecosystem

Accepted Answer

processes done by ecosystems that support valuable human actions such as pollinators supporting agricultural profits

Question 8

Describe cultural services using an example from a tropical rainforest

Accepted Answer

recreation or intellectual benefits from nature such as the tourism revenue from resorts

Question 9

Identify the 2 rules of the Theory of Island Biogeography

Accepted Answer

Islands closer to the mainland have higher species richess than further islands. Larger island have higher species richess than smaller islands

Question 10

Explain what accounts for smaller islands having less species richess

Accepted Answer

Larger islands have higher ecosystem diversity, resources and space than smaller islands

Question 11

Define optimal range of tolerance

Accepted Answer

range of environmental conditions where an organism can survive, grow and reproduce

Question 12

Define zone of physiological stress

Accepted Answer

range of environmental conditions where an organism can survive but with impaired growth or reproduction

Question 13

Define zone of intolerance

Accepted Answer

range of environmental conditions where death occurs

Question 14

Explain the ecological range of tolerance a plant species has for soil moisture

Accepted Answer

the optimal range will allow the plant to grow and reproduce, too little water it cannot grow, too much water it can drown

Question 15

Identify an example of a periodic event

Accepted Answer

high tide and low tide

Question 16

Identify an example of a random event

Accepted Answer

meteor strike

Question 17

Describe one way that earth's orbit around the sun changes naturally over time

Accepted Answer

variation in orbit path, variation in earth's tilt

Question 18

Define adaptation

Accepted Answer

anything that increases an organisms fitness in the environment

Question 19

Identify the relationship between global atmospheric temperature and sea level

Accepted Answer

positive correlation or direct relationship

Question 20

Explain one cause for sea level and atmospheric temperature being directly related

Accepted Answer

warmer temperatures melt ice increasing sea level

Question 21

Describe how moss and lichen are able to colonize bare rock

Accepted Answer

moss and lichen secrete acids that chemically weather rocks and release nutrients and minerals from the rock

Question 22

Describe the difference between primary and secondary succession

Accepted Answer

primary is the colonization of bare rock by lichen or moss eventually leading to soil, secondary succession begins in a disturbed ecosystem with soil

Question 23

Describe the characteristics of pioneer species

Accepted Answer

rapidly growing, suntolerance, dispersed by the wind

Question 24

Define keystone species

Accepted Answer

a species with an outsized or vital role in ecosystem stability whose removal leads to significant instability

Question 25

Describe regulating services using an example from a wetland ecosystem

Accepted Answer

The stabilizing of conditions like climate or water quality. Wetland trees sequester CO2, absorb excess stormwater

Question 26

Explain why islands generally have a higher percentage of specialist species

Accepted Answer

islands provide a narrow range of food and habitat resources than mainland ecosystems leading to conditions that select for specialist set of traits

Question 27

Identify an exmaple of an episodic event

Accepted Answer

hurricanes

Question 28

Describe the central process of ecological succession

Accepted Answer

rapidly growing poineer species are replaced by slow growing larger species over time

Question 29

Describe the characteristics of a climax community species

Accepted Answer

slow growing, shade tolderant, large trees

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