group of communities interacting with its living and nonliving parts of the environment

levels of an ecosystem in order from largest to smallest

components of an ecosystem

the part of the fundamental that is actually used

other organisms in the environment are needed for survival

air, food, gases, light, water, climate, soil

an organism that can reproduce

have broad niches; eat many things, can live anywhere

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have narrow niches and specific needs eat specific food

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have large effect on ecological community

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shape habitats to benefit other species

provide early warning signs of damage to ecosystem

birds flying south for the winter

Species that normally live and thrive in a particular ecosystem

Species that migrate into an ecosystem or are deliberately or accidentally introduced into an ecosystem by humans; AKA alien, exotic, invaders

aka nonnative species

a group of species living together in a given area

relationship where organisms actively hunt other organisms

hunts

organisms upon which predator feeds on

two or more organisms living together closely

both organism benefit

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one benefits, the other is indifferent

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one benefits, the other is harmed

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one organism gets nothing other is harmed

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neither benefit nor are harmed

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Relationship when both organisms are harmed and occurs when organisms seek limited resources or occupying same niche

same species against each other

different species competing against each other

genetic change within a population overtime that leads to a specific trait being favorable and is passed on

____ must occur for evolution to happen

small scale change overtime

both extremes survive

one extreme survives

example of directional selection

two species evolve after a long term integration with each other

two distinct species with differing ancestries evolve to display similar physical features

two related species evolve from one common ancestor

occurs when two species evolved independently of each other maintaining similarities, evolve but look the same

selective breeding of organisms for specific characteristics

organism's ability to tolerate a particular chemical designed to kill

example of evolution of resistance

gradual process of change and replacement of the types of species in a community

occurs on a surface where no ecosystem existed before

occurs on a surface where an ecosystem previously existed

Natural selection that favors intermediate variants by acting against extreme phenotypes