Question 1

Turkification

Accepted Answer

A process of cultural change designed to make all citizens of the empire feel a part of a common Turkish heritage and society

Question 2

Bolsheviks

Accepted Answer

A group of revolutionary Russian Marxists who took control of Russia's government in November 1917

Question 3

communists

Accepted Answer

people who favor the equal distribution of wealth and the end of all forms of private property

Question 4

Young Turks

Accepted Answer

A coalition starting in the late 1870s of various groups favoring modernist liberal reform of the Ottoman Empire. It was against monarchy of Ottoman Sultan and instead favored a constitution. In 1908 they succeed in establishing a new constitutional era.

Question 5

Mexican Revolution

Accepted Answer

(1910-1920 CE) Fought over a period of almost 10 years form 1910; resulted in ouster of Porfirio Diaz from power; opposition forces led by Pancho Villa and Emiliano Zapata.

Question 6

Sun Yat-sen

Accepted Answer

Chinese nationalist revolutionary, founder and leader of the Guomindang until his death. He attempted to create a liberal democratic political movement in China but was thwarted by military leaders.

Question 7

Kemal Ataturk

Accepted Answer

Turkish nationalist who founded the modern Turkish state

Question 8

Porfirio Diaz

Accepted Answer

Dictator in Mexico from 1876 to 1911. Overthrown by the Mexican Revolution of 1910.

Question 9

Francisco Madero

Accepted Answer

Early leader in the Mexican Revolution; in 1911 became president of Mexico; wanted land ownership and free, honest elections, two years later he was murdered, led to power struggles

Question 10

Francisco "Pancho" Villa

Accepted Answer

A popular leader during the Mexican Revolution. An outlaw in his youth, when the revolution started, he formed a cavalry army in the north of Mexico and fought for the rights of the landless in collaboration with Emiliano Zapata. (819)

Question 11

Emiliano Zapata

Accepted Answer

Revolutionary and leader of peasants in the Mexican Revolution. He mobilized landless peasants in south-central Mexico in an attempt to seize and divide the lands of the wealthy landowners. Though successful for a time, he was ultimately defeated and assassinated.

Question 12

Great War

Accepted Answer

name originally given to the First World War (1914-1918).

Question 13

Gavrilo Princip

Accepted Answer

The assassin of Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria, a member of the Black Hand

Question 14

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Accepted Answer

heir to the Austria-Hungarian throne, was assassinated in Sarajevo, started World War I.

Question 15

Triple Entente

Accepted Answer

A military alliance between Great Britain, France, and Russia in the years preceding World War I.

Question 16

Allies

Accepted Answer

Britain, France, and Russia- Later joined by Italy

Question 17

Triple Alliance

Accepted Answer

An alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy in the years before WWI.

Question 18

Central Powers

Accepted Answer

Austria-Hungary, Germany, Ottoman Empire

Question 19

Black Hand

Accepted Answer

Serbian nationalist/terrorist group responsible for the assassination of Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand which resulted in the start of World War I.

Question 20

Militarism

Accepted Answer

A policy of glorifying military power and keeping a standing army always prepared for war

Question 21

Secret Alliances

Accepted Answer

When nations joined together to support each other. Was originally meant to keep peace, but instead pushed nations into WWI. Triple Entente Vs. Triple Alliance

Question 22

Self-determination

Accepted Answer

Concept that ethnicities have the right to govern themselves

Question 23

Conscription

Accepted Answer

A military draft

Question 24

Stalemate

Accepted Answer

A situation in which no progress can be made or no advancement is possible

Question 25

Propaganda

Accepted Answer

Ideas spread to influence public opinion for or against a cause.

Question 26

global war

Accepted Answer

a war that involves most of the principle nations of the world

Question 27

Reparations

Accepted Answer

Payment for war damages

Question 28

Lusitania

Accepted Answer

A British passenger ship that was sunk by a German U-Boat on May 7, 1915. 128 Americans died. The sinking greatly turned American opinion against the Germans, helping the move towards entering the war.

Question 29

Zimmermann Telegram (1917)

Accepted Answer

secret message from Germany to Mexico, threatening to act together against America. Helps lead U.S. toward war with Germany.

Question 30

Total War

Accepted Answer

A conflict in which the participating countries devote all their resources to the war effort

Question 31

ANZAC

Accepted Answer

Australian and New Zealand Army Corps

Question 32

Gallipoli

Accepted Answer

A poorly planned and badly executed Allied campaign to capture the Turkish peninsula of Gallipoli during 1915 in World War I. Intended to open up a sea lane to the Russians through the Black Sea, the attempt failed with more than 50 percent casualties on both sides.

Question 33

Paris Peace Conference

Accepted Answer

The great rulers and countries excluding Germany and Russia met in Versailles to negotiate the repercussions of the war, such leaders included Loyd George (Britain), Woodrow Wilson (America), Cleamancu (France) and Italy. The treaty of Versailles was made but not agreed to be signed and the conference proved unsuccessful.

Question 34

Big Four

Accepted Answer

The Big Four were the four most important leaders, and the most important ones at the Paris Peace Conference. They were Woodrow Wilson- USA, David Lloyd George- UK, George Clemenceau- France, and Vittorio Orlando- Italy.

Question 35

Woodrow Wilson

Accepted Answer

28th president of the United States, known for World War I leadership, created Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Antitrust Act, progressive income tax, lower tariffs, women's suffrage (reluctantly), Treaty of Versailles, sought 14 points post-war plan, League of Nations (but failed to win U.S. ratification), won Nobel Peace Prize

Question 36

David Lloyd George

Accepted Answer

Britain's prime minister at the end of World War I whose goal was to make the Germans pay for the other countries' staggering war losses

Question 37

Georges Clemenceau

Accepted Answer

An effective and almost dictator-like leader of France, who would not take defeat as an answer

Question 38

Vittorio Orlando

Accepted Answer

He was the Italian representative at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919. He pushed for a revenge-based treaty at Versailles, hampering the 14 points.

Question 39

Fourteen Points

Accepted Answer

A series of proposals in which U.S. president Woodrow Wilson outlined a plan for achieving a lasting peace after World War I.

Question 40

League of Nations

Accepted Answer

an international organization formed in 1920 to promote cooperation and peace among nations

Question 41

Treaty of Versailles (1919)

Accepted Answer

Treaty that ended World War I - most important part was the forced blame on Germany and other allies

Question 42

Weimar Republic

Accepted Answer

German republic founded after the WWI and the downfall of the German Empire's monarchy.

Question 43

Trench Warfare

Accepted Answer

A form of warfare in which opposing armies fight each other from trenches dug in the battlefield.

Question 44

Poison Gas

Accepted Answer

Introduced by the Germans and was used by both sides during the war; caused vomiting, blindness, and suffocation

Question 45

Machine Guns (WWI)

Accepted Answer

The machine gun typically required a six to eight-man team to operate: one fired, one fed the ammunition, the rest helped to carry the weapon, its ammunition and spare parts.

Question 46

Submarines (U-boats)

Accepted Answer

ships that traveled underwater, German U-boats attacked British ships and sank the Lusitania

Question 47

Airplanes

Accepted Answer

A powered flying vehicle with fixed wings and a weight greater than that of the air it displaces. Was used in WWI for resonances.

Question 48

Tanks

Accepted Answer

Heavy armored vehicle which could travel over barbed wire and across enemy trenches

Question 49

U-boats

Accepted Answer

German submarines

Question 50

All Quiet on the Western Front

Accepted Answer

(1929) a novel written by Erich Maria Remarque illustrating the horrors of World War I and the experiences of veterans and soldiers. It was extremely popular, but also caused a lot of political controversy when it was first published, and was banned in Germany in the 1930's.

Question 51

Inflation

Accepted Answer

A general and progressive increase in prices

Question 52

deficit spending

Accepted Answer

Government practice of spending more than it takes in from taxes

Question 53

relief

Accepted Answer

the difference in elevation between the highest and lowest parts of an area

Question 54

recovery

Accepted Answer

a rise in business activity after a recession or depression

Question 55

reform

Accepted Answer

to bring back to rightness, order, or morality

Question 56

Collectivize

Accepted Answer

bring under central government control

Question 57

Kolkhoz

Accepted Answer

in the Soviet Union, a small farm worked by farmers who shared in the farm's production and profits

Question 58

Corporatism

Accepted Answer

A method of co-optation whereby authoritarian systems create or sanction a limited number of organizations to represent the interests of the public and restrict those not set up or approved by the state.

Question 59

Great Depression

Accepted Answer

the economic crisis beginning with the stock market crash in 1929 and continuing through the 1930s

Question 60

New Deal

Accepted Answer

A series of reforms enacted by the Franklin Roosevelt administration between 1933 and 1942 with the goal of ending the Great Depression.

Question 61

New Economic Plan (NEP)

Accepted Answer

Peasants were allowed to own land and small businesses (allowed for some capitalism)

Question 62

Five Year Plan

Accepted Answer

Stalin's economic policy to rebuild the Soviet economy after WWI. tried to improve heavy industry and improve farm output, but resulted in famine

Question 63

John Maynard Keynes

Accepted Answer

English economist who advocated the use of government monetary and fiscal policy to maintain full employment without inflation (1883-1946)

Question 64

Russian Civil War

Accepted Answer

1918-1920: conflict in which the Red Army successfully defended the newly formed Bolshevik government against various Russian and interventionist anti-Bolshevik armies. Red vs. White Army.

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