Question 1

Based on the linguistic background of behaviorism what is considered the main source of difficulty in second language (L2) learning?

Accepted Answer

The structural differences between L1 and L2

Answer

The learner’s social and cultural environment

Answer

The learner’s innate intelligence

Answer

The learner’s motivation and attitude

Question 2

From the perspective of psychological learning theory. How is the concept of transfer connected to behaviorism?

Accepted Answer

Transfer explains how past learning (L1 habits) can either facilitate or interfere with new learning (L2 habits).

Answer

Transfer proves that errors are always the result of innate linguistic competence.

Answer

Transfer supports the idea that reinforcement is unnecessary in language learning.

Answer

Transfer shows that language learning is not habit formation&#44; but rule discovery.

Question 3

Which of the following best illustrates the difference between the strong and weak versions of CAH?

Accepted Answer

The strong version predicts errors before learning by comparing L1 and L2. While the weak version analyzes actual learner errors to explain them.

Answer

The strong version is based on universal grammar; while the weak version is based on behaviorism.

Answer

The strong version focuses on psychological factors. While the weak version focuses on linguistic differences.

Answer

The strong version analyzes learner errors after they occur.  While the weak version ignores them.

Question 4

Two students Arza (age 8) and Yuna (age 25) begin learning English at the same time. After several years Arza speaks English with near-native pronunciation while Yuna struggles with accent reduction even though she is more diligent. Which theory best explains this difference?

Accepted Answer

Critical Period Hypothesis – Arza is still within the optimal age for language learning.

Answer

Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis – Yuna's L1 interfered more than Arza's.

Answer

Innatism – Arza was born with a stronger LAD.

Answer

Behaviorism – Arza had more positive reinforcement than Yuna.

Question 5

What is considered a weakness of behaviorism in language learning?

Accepted Answer

It overemphasizes accuracy and neglects fluency and meaning.

Answer

It explains why learners create new sentences never heard before.

Answer

It underestimates the role of explicit grammar instruction.

Answer

It emphasizes natural acquisition through input.

Question 6

A teacher wants to teach the past tense. She considers two options&#58;
Option A (Behaviorist)&#58; Students repeat “I walked to school” in substitution drills.
Option B (Innatist)&#58; Students read a story in past tense and are encouraged to use past tense naturally in retelling.
<Which statement is MOST accurate?

Accepted Answer

Option B reflects the innatist view that learners acquire grammar naturally through input.

Answer

Neither A nor B reflects innatism.

Answer

Option A builds accuracy through habit formation; but may neglect fluency.

Answer

Both A and B are correct but only Option B reflects innatism.

Question 7

Two children are compared in a study. One starts learning English at age 5, the other at age 18. Both study for the same amount of time and under the same conditions. The younger child develops near-native pronunciation, while the older one struggles with accent.

What theory provides the strongest explanation?

Accepted Answer

Critical Period Hypothesis (CPH)

Answer

Universal Grammar (UG)

Answer

Error Analysis

Answer

Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis (CAH)

Question 8

What is the main implication of Chomsky’s Universal Grammar for English language teaching (ELT)?

Accepted Answer

Teachers should provide meaningful exposure and allow natural acquisition.

Answer

Learners can only acquire grammar through explicit rule explanation.

Answer

Teachers should discourage communicative practice until accuracy is perfect.

Answer

Teachers should focus on repetitive drills to strengthen habits.

Question 9

Which of the following examples best illustrates the poverty of the stimulus argument?

Accepted Answer

A child produces complex sentences despite limited and imperfect input.

Answer

A child says “goed” instead of “went.”

Answer

A learner mispronounces a word due to L1 interference.

Answer

A learner memorizes phrases through repetition drills.

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of an interlingual error?

Accepted Answer

“I very like it.”

Answer

“He can sings.”

Answer

“She go to school.”

Answer

“Buyed” instead of “bought.”

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