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Benchmark #2
Quiz by Jaclyn Robbins
Tag the questions with any skills you have. Your dashboard will track each student's mastery of each skill.
Which statement best compares a small-scale substitution and a small-scale insertion mutation?
A substitution mutation removes a nucleotide from the DNA, while an insertion mutation adds a nucleotide.
A substitution mutation replaces a nucleotide,while an insertion mutation maintains the original DNA.
A substitution mutation affects one codon,while an insertion mutation affects every codon after the mutation.
A substitution mutation changes the resulting protein, while an insertion mutation does not.
Which statement best compares a small-scale substitution and a small-scale insertion mutation?
An organism has two known mutations. Mutation 1 is a small-scale mutation in an egg cell. Mutation 2 is a large-scale mutation in a lung cell. Which BEST describes the mutation that the organisms' offspring can inherit?
A scientist views a mutation where a gene is repeated on the chromosome. Which best describes the mutation?
Which describes a characteristic of a harmful mutation?
Which of the following best describes what is occurring in Model 2?
Based on Figure 2, which statement correctly describes a substitution mutation?
Which statement best explains how crossing over and mutations affect genetic variations in a population?
What is the correct order of mitosis?
Which statement correctly describes protein synthesis?
What BEST describes a substitution mutation?
What BEST describes an insertion mutation?
Which statement explains why the structure of sickle cells differs from normal red blood cells?
An enzyme unzips two strands of DNA. A section of the original strand is shown.
G A A G T C G G CA
Which complimentary bases will an enzyme attach to the strand?
Which best compares the two polypeptides?
Nerve cells look very different from red blood cells. Nerve cells transmit nerve impulses through the body. Red blood cells carry oxygen in the blood. Why are the cell types different?
Which is NOT possible due to the division of cells?
Cells within the tissues of adult organisms are constantly being replaced, yet the tissues remain the same size. Which description BEST explain this?
In which phase of the cell cycle is the gene for lactase replicated?
A G1 checkpoint fails to recognize a mutation (change in DNA base sequence) in the DNA. What will MOST LIKELY occur when the cell goes through the S phase of the cell cycle?
Which statement BEST summarizes DNA replication?
Poodles have 78 chromosomes. If a poodle is undergoing DNA replication, how many chromosomes are there at the end of the anaphase, just before telophase?
Match the functions of each step of interphase.
When DNA is replicated during the cell cycle, the DNA of the daughter cells will
A chef is chopping vegetables for making egg rolls. What occurs in the chef’s skin cells during metaphase?
In mitosis, stem cells are
The cell is the basic unit of life in living organisms. Each cell grows, reproduces, and dies after a certain number of cell divisions. Mitosis occurs during the life cycle of a healthy cell. There are checkpoints at each stage of cell division to ensure that the daughter cells are the exact duplicates of the parent cell. Sometimes, due to the failure of checkpoints, abnormal cells are produced that accelerate cell divisions or inhibit programmed cell death, leading to cancer. Although there are many forms of cancer, all cancer cells are abnormal cells with disrupted cellular processes. With an estimated 606,880 deaths in the United States alone in 2019, cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide.
Advances in technology, detection, and treatments have made certain cancers more treatable in developed countries. Treatments for cancer can include hormone therapy, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, stem cell transplants, and surgery. Early detection of abnormal tissues can be easier to treat, and screenings can help to detect cancers early before symptoms appear. Using developing technology, scientists and doctors are gaining valuable knowledge of cancer that may, one day, help them to eradicate the disease. The diagram shows three steps that are involved with the early diagnosis of cancer, and some of the barriers that prevent people from receiving treatment.
Which predicts the MOST LIKELY effect of lowering the cost of cancer treatments?
Which describes a characteristic of a harmful mutation?
What is something that occurs with all mutations?
Two pieces of evidence are given below.
Evidence A: A single mutation occurred in a flowering plant that caused it to not produce pollen. This plant was unable to reproduce and did not pass on its genes.
Evidence B: Small mutations in the salivary glands of snakes were passed on to offspring and accumulated over time. The accumulation of these mutations led to various types of snake venom.
Claim: Mutations produce _________ genetic variation.
Two pieces of evidence are given below.
Evidence A: A single mutation occurred in a flowering plant that caused it to not produce pollen. This plant was unable to reproduce and did not pass on its genes.
Evidence B: Small mutations in the salivary glands of snakes were passed on to offspring and accumulated over time. The accumulation of these mutations led to various types of snake venom.
Genetic variations that result from mutations ______________ be inherited.
Two pieces of evidence are given below.
Evidence A: A single mutation occurred in a flowering plant that caused it to not produce pollen. This plant was unable to reproduce and did not pass on its genes.
Evidence B: Small mutations in the salivary glands of snakes were passed on to offspring and accumulated over time. The accumulation of these mutations led to various types of snake venom.
The evidence that supports this claim is: __________________
How does crossing over at one location affect the gametes?
How does crossing over contribute to genetic diversity?
The diagram shows the process of crossing over in two offspring, born of the same parents.
Which statement about sexual reproduction is supported by the diagram?
During sexual reproduction, genetic information is replicated,shuffled, and reduced by half into gametes. When the gametes fuse, the original chromosome number is restored and new genetic combinations are formed. What are the two processes being described?
Based on the information in Table 1, which is a possible benefit associated with genetically engineered fish?
Based on the information in Table 1, what is a positive impact that could occur if the population of farm-raised trout increased, globally?
Genetic engineering uses biotechnology tools to alter an organism's genetic material. The genetic modification is used to either remove an undesirable trait or to introduce a desirable trait. This technology is used to modify crops in order to increase crop yield and reduce costs.
There are also a number of other considerations involved in growing genetically modified crops.
One of the main problems in growing crops is protecting them from pests. While spray pesticides are commonly used in commercial farming, there are disadvantages to using them. The insects that are targeted by the spraymay become pesticide-resistant, making the pesticide less effective overtime. Pesticide resistance occurs as insects that are less affected by the pesticide are able to survive the original application of the pesticide and pass on their genes to future populations. Another disadvantage of using spray pesticides is that they can be harmful to non-target, beneficial insects such as butterflies and bees.
Genetically modifying crops is becoming an additional source of protection from pests. A pest-tolerant crop known as Bt corn has been modified with a gene that produces a protein that is toxic to certain insects, but not humans. By directly altering the genes of the corn plant, farmers are able to use less pesticide spray and still control pests and protect crops. Growing pest-tolerant crops lessens the need to use spray pesticides and is associated with a decrease in the number of pests that develop pesticide resistance.
One of the major concerns of growing genetically modified crops is that they may cross-breed with closely related wild or local varieties. The cross-bred wild plants may become invasive if their genes make them tolerant to pests or herbicides. The toxic protein that is produced by Bt corn also affects other non-target insects.
Which of the following is a common goal both when applying spray pesticides to crops and when choosing to grow genetically modified ,pest-resistant crops?
A mutation is a permanent change in the DNA of an organism. The diagram shows a mutation.
Which statement best describes how mutations and crossing overaffect the genetic diversity of a population?
How can mutations contribute to a decrease in genetic variation?
How do heritable mutations contribute to genetic diversity?
How do you spell your Biology teacher's name?
What will most likely happen to a peptide chain as a result of a deletion mutation?
If a new genetic mutation occurred in a stable population of finches, what would cause it to increase in frequency across the population?
Here is a list of parts that make up this bat. Which list orders the parts according to the hierarchy of organization of life from smallest (simple) to largest (complex)?