Question 1

The study of biology is important because it focuses on

Accepted Answer

the interactions of all living things

Answer

the animals of the Earth

Answer

the development of human forms

Answer

the functions of the human body

Question 2

John is performing an experiment to determine which fertilizer causes plants to grow taller, chemical or organic. What is the independent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

type of fertilizer

Answer

height of plants

Question 3

John is performing an experiment to determine which fertilizer causes plants to grow taller, chemical or organic. What is the dependent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

height of plants

Answer

type of fertilizer

Question 4

A scientist who is researching marshes observes that marsh grass, Spartina bakeri, grows to different heights at different locations in the marsh. If the scientist wants to find the reason for this difference, what is the correct first step?

Accepted Answer

Perform research and form a hypothesis based on knowledge of the marsh.

Answer

Determine which technology would assist most in answering the question.

Answer

Conduct an experiment and change only one variable at a time.

Answer

Establish a control group for comparison.

Question 5

In an experiment, this is a variable that remains the same or is unchanged.

Accepted Answer

control variable

Answer

independent variable

Answer

dependent variable

Question 6

Although scientific theories are based on strong evidence, they can change over time. Which of the following correctly explains why scientific theories change?

Accepted Answer

Scientists argue, re-examine, and consider new explanations to new data.

Answer

Scientists are often incorrect in their initial hypotheses, so the theory changes.

Answer

New theories require changes to the scientific process, so the theory changes as a result.

Answer

Theories are hypotheses that have gained support and change as the hypothesis changes.

Question 7

What must happen for scientific theories to be accepted as valid?

Accepted Answer

Scientific evidence must be reported, verified, and accepted by the scientific community.

Answer

A hypothesis must be upgraded with supporting experimental evidence.

Answer

The research team must apply for and receive federal funding based on several early tests.

Answer

Biological manufacturers must conduct clinical trials.

Question 8

Claims about new scientific breakthroughs often appear in the media. If such a claim is made in each of the following, which media source should be considered most reliable?

Accepted Answer

Peer-reviewed journals

Answer

Popular magazines

Answer

Newspaper advertisements

Answer

Internet websites

Question 9

A running company develops a new recovery shoe that is advertised to decrease foot pain when worn after a race. Which of the following evidence of this claim would the scientific community accept as the most reliable?

Accepted Answer

Other scientists not associated with the product testing the claims

Answer

High-profile athletes supporting the claim in sports journals and magazines

Answer

A written description of the experiments used to support the claim

Answer

Disclosure of the ingredients of the product and their known side effects

Question 10

Jeffrey works for an environmental safety group. Her group wants to answer the question "Why should we protect the environment?" Why is her group's research question flawed?

Accepted Answer

They are trying to answer an ethical question, not a scientific one.

Answer

They will never be able to determine a means of protecting plants and animals.

Answer

The question is based on their bias as members of an environmental group.

Answer

The study can only be based on observation with this question.

Question 11

Which of the following questions can be answered scientifically?

Accepted Answer

Can redirecting water runoff reduce erosion?

Answer

What can be done to stop erosion?

Answer

Is erosion control worth the financial costs?

Answer

Should we just let the river flow where it wants?

Question 12

The monomer of a carbohydrate is known as a

Accepted Answer

monosaccharide

Answer

amino acid

Answer

DNA

Answer

nucleotide

Question 13

Glucose and fructose are monosaccharides that have the same chemical formula, C₆H₁₂O₆. However, they do not react the same chemically. Which of the following generalizations can explain this?

Accepted Answer

The atoms of monosaccharides are arranged differently, and the different shape gives each monosaccharide unique properties.

Answer

Monosaccharides serve different cellular functions, and they are only involved in reactions in which they are needed.

Answer

The atoms of monosaccharides are arranged similarly, but the monomers from which they are formed have different physical and chemical properties.

Answer

Monosaccharides have different properties, but the disaccharides they form when combined with other molecules will have the same properties.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes what happens to an enzyme after it catalyzes a chemical reaction?

Accepted Answer

It is unchanged and can be used again for the same chemical reaction.

Answer

It becomes chemically bonded to the products of the reaction.

Answer

Its shape changes, giving it different chemical and physical properties.

Answer

Its mass decreases since part of the molecule is used up.

Question 15

In the human stomach, chemical reactions take place in an acidic environment. Some of these reactions are catalyzed by enzymes. How would these enzymes most likely function in an environment where the pH was doubled?

Accepted Answer

The enzymes would not be able to function properly outside of their optimal pH range.

Answer

The enzymes would interfere with chemical reactions by bonding with the reactants.

Answer

The rate of the reactions that are catalyzed by the enzymes would double.

Answer

The rate of the reactions would increase as the pH is increased.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes an example of how an enzyme inhibitor can work in a reaction catalyzed by an enzyme?

Accepted Answer

The enzyme inhibitor fits into the enzyme's active site, which prevents the enzyme from catalyzing the reaction.

Answer

The enzyme inhibitor attacks and destroys the enzyme, which prevents the enzyme from helping in the reaction.

Answer

The enzyme inhibitor binds to the products of the reaction, which makes the work of the enzyme unproductive.

Answer

The enzyme inhibitor catalyzes the reverse reaction, which counteracts the work of the enzyme.

Question 17

How does the shape of an enzyme affect the reaction?

Accepted Answer

The shape of an enzyme determines which reaction it can catalyze.

Answer

Enzymes with more active sites can catalyze several reactions at once.

Answer

The shape of an enzyme depends on the reaction that it needs to catalyze.

Answer

Enzymes change shape after they catalyze a reaction and become waste products.

Question 18

Earth's early atmosphere contained little to no

Accepted Answer

oxygen

Answer

carbon dioxide

Answer

methane

Answer

hydrogen

Question 19

Miller and Urey were two scientists who were able to produce ________________________ in an experiment that simulated the atmosphere of early earth.

Accepted Answer

amino acids

Answer

nucleic acids

Answer

carbon

Answer

oxygen

Question 20

Evolution of true cells was possible when _____________________ could be passed from one microsphere to another.

Accepted Answer

genetic information

Answer

oxygen

Answer

cells

Answer

organic molecules

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