Osmoregulation maintains which property of body fluids?

The pressure exerted by water movement across a semipermeable membrane due to solute concentration is called _____.

Cells that detect changes in blood osmolarity are known as _____.

Insulin is classified as which type of biological molecule?

The tendency of an organism to keep its internal environment within narrow limits is called ____.

Heart rate is largely controlled by which division of the nervous system?

The 'fight-or-flight' response is mediated by the ___ nervous system.

Salivation and digestion after a meal are stimulated mainly by the ___ nervous system.

The brain and spinal cord together form the ____.

All nerves outside the brain and spinal cord are part of the ____.

Voluntary control of skeletal muscles is carried out by the ___.

Conscious thought is processed primarily in the ___.

Simple reflexes, like the knee-jerk, are integrated in the ___.

Which hormone rises before meals to trigger hunger?

Fat cells release ___ to signal satiety to the brain.

An increase in ghrelin directly increases ___.

The feeling of fullness after eating is termed ___.

Obese individuals often show ___, a reduced response to leptin.

Which pancreatic hormone lowers blood glucose levels?

___ stimulates the liver to convert glycogen to glucose.

The amount of sugar circulating in the blood is referred to as ___ level.

Blood glucose below 70 mg/dL defines ___.

The force of blood against vessel walls is called ___.

Clinical blood pressure is recorded in units of ___.

A sudden drop in blood pressure upon standing is termed ___.

Leptin is synthesized mainly by ___.

The primary source of ghrelin in the body is the ___.

Any substance capable of provoking an allergic response is termed an ___.

A hypersensitive immune response to a normally harmless substance defines an ___.

Sneezing, rashes, and swelling after exposure to an allergen constitute an ___.

___ is a common airborne allergen released by plants.

Severe food-induced anaphylaxis often involves ___.

Anaphylactic shock can follow a single ___ in sensitive individuals.

Hives after taking an antibiotic most commonly implicate ___.

Healthcare workers may develop allergies to ___ gloves.

Bee and wasp stings introduce ___ into the skin.

Nickel jewelry causes dermatitis because nickel acts as a ___.

Penicillin allergy is classified under the category of ___.

Shellfish allergy is an example of sensitivity to a ___.

Dust mite debris is best described as an ___.

Antibody production after vaccination is an example of an ___.

Breathing rate at rest is regulated by ___ controlled by the autonomic nervous system.

The lower value in a blood pressure reading denotes ___.

Leptin signalling normally results in ___.

Plasma solute concentration is often expressed as ___.

Hormones are broadly categorized as ___ within the body.

Rapid heart rate during danger exemplifies the ___ response.

Enhanced intestinal activity after eating is characteristic of the ___ response.

Typing on a keyboard involves ___.

Allergy is a form of immune ___.