a group of ecosystems with similar climates and organisms

the average annual conditions of temperature, precipitation, winds, and clouds in an area

a dry region that on average receives less than 25 centimeters of precipitation per year (some of the driest deserts may not receive any precipitation in a year)

are forests in which large amounts of rain fall year-round (a forest that receives at least 2 meters of rain per year, mostly occurring in the tropical wet climate zone)

An area that is populated by mostly grasses and other nonwoody plants that gets 25-75 centimeters of rain per year (fires and droughts are common in this biome)

a grassland located close to the equator that may include shrubs and small trees and receives as much as 120 centimeters of rain per year

a tree that sheds its leaves during a particular season and grows new ones each year (examples: oaks & maples)

dense forest of evergreens located in the upper regions of the Northern Hemisphere (also known as Taiga)

a tree that produces its seeds in cones and that has needle-shaped leaves coated in a waxy substance to reduce water loss

an extremely cold, dry biome climate region characterized by short, cool summers and bitterly cold winters (many are surprised to learn that the tundra may receive no more precipitation than a desert)

permanently frozen soil found in the tundra biome climate region

a nonliving part of an organism's habitat (examples: water, soil, light, and temperature)

a living or once living part of an organism's habitat

an environment that provides the things a specific organism needs to live, grow, and reproduce

the pathway of energy transfer through various stages as a result of the feeding patterns of a series of organisms

a diagram that shows the feeding relationships between organisms in an ecosystem

structure, behavior, or other trait in an organism that helps it to survive in its environment (example: spiny leaves are an adaptation of the cactus plant that reduces water loss and keeps the plant from being eaten)

all the living populations in an area along with the nonliving parts of that environment

a relationship between two organisms that benefits both organisms

a relationship between two organisms that benefits one organism and harms the other

a relationship in which one organism benefits and the other is not harmed

● Shallow Roots to survive when Ground is frozen. Grow in groups to survive cold temperature. Grow close to the ground for protection from cold wind

● Wide shallow roots for quickly absorbing rainfall. Deep roots to reach ground water. Cacti and succulents store water in their tissues. Spines protect cacti from thirsty animals. Waxy coating prevents water loss. Leaves, flowers and fruit grow only after rain.

Thin, big, broad, light-weight leaves that can capture sunlight to make food in warm weather. Trees have thick bark to protect against cold winters. Trees drop leaves in the colder seasons to minimize water loss

Strong root systems allows regrowth after grazing, trampling by herbivores (Bison). Above ground growth dies and decays making rich soil.

Shallow roots, large trees with broad leaves, grow on varied levels of the forest due to varied levels of sunlight

Many plants have roots that grow deep in the ground, where the most water can be found. This defense also allows the plant to survive fires because the root is undamaged and can regrow after the fire.

150 to 250mm -40 C to 18 C

< 300mm Temperature depends on location

300 to 900mm -40 C to 20 C

750 to 1500mm -30 C to 30 C

250 to 750mm 20 C to 30 C

550 to 950mm Temperature depends on location

2000-10,000mm 21 C to 30 C

Biome in which the winters are cold but summers are mild enough to allow the ground to thaw. Also known as the boreal forest. Is known for the large forests of mostly coniferous trees.

Must adapt to extremely cold winters. Breed and raise their young very quickly during the short summers. Many as birds migrate south in the winter. Many of those that stay. Hibernate during the winter. Constant immigration and emigration. Population constantly oscillates

Being nocturnal means that an animal can stay cool in burrows during the day or sit still in the shade whilst it is hot out, for example the fennec fox. These animals also have long lips or ears providing them with a large surface area to loose hear from. Typically these animals are smaller in size.

to avoid the harsh winters birds migrate while some year round residents such as shrews burrow underground for better insulation

Some animals migrate i.e. geese. Some animals hibernate i.e. grizzly bear. Some animals store food supplies i.e. squirrels

birds and mammals migrate annually when theres no food, insects live underground to feed upon plants, large open spaces for predators to hunt, and known for large grazing herbivores.

- Adapt for the short rainy season - migrate as necessary. Limited food leads to vertical feeding. Reproduce during the rainy season - ensures that their young will survive

Water proofing, warning coloration, camouflage, vocalization, and good hearing

forest in a temperate region, characterized by trees that drop their leaves annually