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BLOOD GROUP
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Blood group mcq 15 questionsBlood Grouping: Injury or surgery can lead to a blood transfusion. Transfusion reactions/Agglutination: clumping of blood cells (bad). Antigens: molecules on surface of erythrocytes. Antibodies: proteins in plasma that bind to specific antigens. Blood groups: named according to antigen (ABO). ABO Blood Groups ā¢ In the ABO blood group system, there are two types of antigens that may appear on the surface of the red blood cells, type A antigen and type B antigen. ā¢ Type A blood has type A antigens, type B blood has type B antigens, and type AB blood has both types of antigens. ā¢ Type O blood has neither A nor B antigens. ā¢ The types of antigens found on the surface of the red blood cells are genetically determined. ā¢ Antibodies against the antigens are usually present in the plasma of blood. ā¢ Plasma from type A blood contains anti-B antibodies, which act against type B antigens; plasma from type B blood contains anti-A antibodies, which act against type A antigens. ā¢ Type AB blood plasma has neither type of antibody, and type O blood plasma has both anti-A and anti-B antibodies. ā¢ In Caucasians in the United States, the distribution is type O, 47%; type A, 41%; type B, 9%; and type AB, 3%. ā¢ Among African-Americans, the distribution is type O, 46%; type A, 27%; type B, 20%; and type AB, 7%.Blood groups identificationBlood Groups Pre-testMinor blood groups7th 1P Sc ABO Blood Group SystemThe circulatory system, blood components, the bloood vesels, heart blood circulation, heart beat pulse, blood groupsLife Processes Identify and define the seven life processes (MRS GREN). Classification Group living organisms based on observed similarities and differences. Classify vertebrates into taxonomic groups based on visible physical characteristics. Construct a dichotomous key to classify vertebrates. Cells Compare the structure of generalised plant and animal cells, and selected microbes (e.g. bacteria, fungi and Amoeba) Distinguish among cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, temporary and permanent vacuoles, mitochondrion, chloroplast, endoplasmic reticulum and ribosomes. Relate the structure of organelles to their functions; Identify specialised cells such as blood cells, ciliated epithelial cells, nerve cells, root hair cells, sperm cells and egg cells. Explain the importance of cell specialisation in multicellular organisms; include hierarchy of cells, tissues, organs; organ systems and then organism Diffusion, Osmosis, Active transport and Osmoregulation Explain the processes of diffusion, osmosis and active transport. Identify everyday instances of these processes occurring. Discuss the importance of diffusion, osmosis and active transport in living systems. Nutrition in Plants Describe the process of photosynthesis in green plants; test for end products, starch or reducing sugar (glucose). Relate the structure of the leaf of a flowering plant to its function in photosynthesis; draw and label the external features and the internal structure (cross section) of a leaf as seen in cross section under the light microscope. Nutrition in Humans Discuss the importance of a balanced diet in humans. State components of a balanced diet (carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins and minerals, water and roughage and their roles) along with the results of their deficiency or surplus. Suggest dietary recommendations for treating and preventing named deficiency and physiological diseases (such as those outlined in the manual and your notes). Perform tests to distinguish among food substances - Test for proteins (Biuret), fats (grease spot), starch (iodine), reducing sugars (Benedictās solution). The Digestive System in Humans Relate the structures of the human alimentary canal to their functions; Draw and label simple diagrams of the alimentary canal and internal structure of a tooth required. Describe mastication and the role of teeth in the mechanical breakdown of food to be included. (Compare types of teeth in humans and compare types of teeth in herbivores and carnivores.) Explain the role and importance of enzymes role of digestive enzymes in the mouth, stomach and pancreatic enzymes in the small intestine. Discuss properties of enzymes. Deduce from tables and graphs the effects of temperature and pH on enzyme activity. Experimental Skills Follow all drawing rules as outlined in the drawing skills checklist posted in the classroom (including calculation of magnification).