The brainstem contains cranial nerve nuclei from:

A. I–XII

B. III–XII

C. II–XII

D. V–XII

Which tract is an ascending tract?

A. Corticospinal tract

B. Corticobulbar tract

C. Spinothalamic tract

D. Rubrospinal tract

The reticular formation is responsible for:

A. Regulation of consciousness

B. Respiration

C. Cardiovascular control

D. All of the above

Which tract controls tone of limb flexor muscles?

A. Vestibulospinal tract

B. Rubrospinal tract

C. Reticulospinal tract

D. Tectospinal tract

The tectospinal tract mediates reflex movements in response to:

A. Pain

B. Sound

C. Visual stimuli

D. Temperature

Which tract helps maintain posture against gravity?

A. Corticospinal tract

B. Vestibulospinal tract

C. Spinothalamic tract

D. Rubrospinal tract

Sensory information from the face enters the brain through:

A. Vestibular nuclei

B. Nucleus ambiguus

C. Trigeminal sensory nuclei

D. Solitary nucleus

Taste fibers terminate in the:

A. Red nucleus

B. Nucleus solitarius

C. Vestibular nucleus

D. Inferior olive

Which cranial nerve carries hearing and balance sensations?

A. Facial nerve

B. Trigeminal nerve

C. Vestibulocochlear nerve

D. Glossopharyngeal nerve

The cerebral aqueduct is located in the:

A. Pons

B. Medulla

C. Midbrain

D. Cerebellum

Superior colliculi are centers for:

A. Hearing

B. Taste

C. Visual reflexes

D. Respiration

Which structure carries acoustic fibers from cochlear nuclei?

A. Medial lemniscus

B. Trapezoid body

C. Pyramid

D. Crus cerebri

The inferior olivary nucleus is mainly concerned with:

A. Respiration

B. Vision

C. Control of movement

D. Taste

CBlood supply of brainstem is...

Fibers from the inferior olivary nucleus reach the cerebellum through the:

A. Superior cerebellar peduncle

B. Middle cerebellar peduncle

C. Inferior cerebellar peduncle

D. Cerebral peduncle

Medial medullary syndrome commonly results from occlusion of:

A. Posterior cerebral artery

B. Basilar artery

C. Middle cerebral artery

D. Anterior cerebral artery

Lateral medullary syndrome is commonly associated with blockage of:

A. Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)

B. Anterior cerebral artery

C. Internal carotid artery

D. Superior cerebellar artery

CLesion of nucleus ambiguus may cause:

A. Blindness B. Dysphagia C. Deafness D. Loss of smell

A unilateral brainstem lesion may produce:

A. Ipsilateral cranial nerve dysfunction

B. Contralateral hemiparesis

C. Hyperreflexia

D. All of the above

CMultiple sclerosis affecting the medial longitudinal fasciculus interferes with:

A. Hearing

B. Smell

C. Conjugate eye movement

D. Taste sensation

CWhich cranial nerve is purely motor?

A. Facial nerve

B. Trigeminal nerve

C. Hypoglossal nerve

D. Glossopharyngeal nerve

Which cranial nerve contains motor, sensory, and parasympathetic fibers?

A. Facial nerve

B. Trochlear nerve

C. Accessory nerve

D. Abducent nerve

The brainstem acts as a conduit for ascending and descending tracts.

The reticular formation has no role in pain perception.

The superior colliculus is an auditory reflex center.

The corticospinal tract is part of the pyramidal tract system.

Label the three arrows