Question 1

The body generally maintains a LOW calcium level inside the cells and a high concentration outside the cells

Accepted Answer

true

Answer

false

Question 2

Calcium is stored in bone as

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyapatite

Answer

Calcium

Answer

Calcitriol

Answer

PTH

Question 3

Calciums is crucial for

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Answer

Nerve Transmission

Answer

Secretion

Answer

Muscle Contraction

Question 4

PTH stimulates/Calcitonin inhibits

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts

Answer

Both osteoclasts and osteoblasts

Answer

Neither osteoclasts and osteoblasts

Answer

Osteoblasts

Question 5

Calcitonin inhibits

Accepted Answer

Osteoclasts

Question 6

Which of the following stimulates osteoclasts and increases serum calcium levels

Accepted Answer

PTH

Answer

Calcitonin

Answer

Calcitriol

Question 7

How is calcitriol formed

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Answer

PTH

Answer

UV light

Answer

Influence from the liver and kidney

Question 8

Vit D acts like which of the following

Accepted Answer

Steroid hormone

Answer

Blood

Answer

Water

Answer

Immune factors

Question 9

What does vitamin D do

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Answer

Inhibits secretion/synthesis of PTH via negative feedback

Answer

Kidney - Vit D induced changes in gene expression increase Ca2+ reabsorption in the DCT

Answer

Intestines - Vit D induced expression of CALBINDIN increase Ca2+ absorption in the small intestine

Question 10

What does PTH do

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Answer

Stimulates Ca2+ reabsorption in the kidney via activation of luminal and basal Ca2+ transporters

Answer

Stimulates osteoclasts which resorb bone, releasing Ca2+

Answer

Promotes synthesis of Vit D

Question 11

What is the difference between primary and secondary osteoporosis

Accepted Answer

primary - normal/age related; secondary - caused by other conditions (e.g. endocrine)

Answer

primary - caused by other conditions (e.g. endocrine); secondary - normal/age related

Answer

primary - occurs in elderly; secondary - occurs in young adults

Answer

primary - occurs in young adults; secondary - occurs in elderly

Question 12

Which of the following is FALSE regarding estrogens

Accepted Answer

stimulates osteoclasts and inhibits osteoblasts

Answer

menopause increases risk of osteoporosis

Answer

inhibits osteoclasts and stimulates osteoblasts

Answer

help strengthen bone

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a bisphosphonate

Accepted Answer

Raloxifene

Answer

Alendronate (oral, weekly)

Answer

Zoledronate (IV, yearly)

Answer

Ibandronate (oral, monthly/quarterly)

Question 14

Which of the following is a PTH derived peptide (OSTEOBLAST STIMULATOR)

Accepted Answer

Teriparatide

Answer

Raloxifene

Answer

Denosumab

Answer

Zoledronate (IV, yearly)

Question 15

Which of the following is a SERM

Accepted Answer

Raloxifene

Answer

Ibandronate (oral, monthly/quarterly)

Answer

Alendronate (oral, weekly)

Answer

Zoledronate (IV, yearly)

Question 16

Which of the following is a RANKL inhibitor

Accepted Answer

Denosumab

Answer

Alendronate (oral, weekly)

Answer

Raloxifene

Answer

Zoledronate (IV, yearly)

Question 17

Bisphosphonates MOA

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Answer

Bind to Ca2+ structure of hydroxyapatite

Answer

Can be used to treat/prevent bone metastasis of some cancers

Answer

Bind to bone and cause osteoclasts to die (apoptosis) when they absorb it

Question 18

Bisphosphonate toxicity

Accepted Answer

Esophageal Damage/Esophagitis

Answer

Increased risk of clotting events

Answer

Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ)

Answer

Not very effective treatment

Question 19

Estrogens MOA

Accepted Answer

All of the above

Answer

Replace estradiol and progesterone to maintain non-fertility benefits

Answer

Replace estradiol to reset shivering threshold

Answer

Replace estrogen to support bone mineralization

Question 20

Raloxifene (SERM) MOA

Accepted Answer

Acts as estrogen agonist in bone, reversing osteoporosis

Answer

Replaces estradiol and progesterone to maintain non-fertility benefits

Answer

Interferes with RANKL

Answer

Bind to bone and cause osteoclast apoptosis

Question 21

Estrogens and SERMs both share what toxicity

Accepted Answer

increased risk of clotting events

Answer

pregnancy category X

Answer

estrogens and SERMs do not have any toxicities

Answer

osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ)

Question 22

Calcitonin MOA

Accepted Answer

inhibits osteoclasts

Answer

competitively binds to RANKL

Answer

replaces lost estrogen

Answer

supplements Vit D

Question 23

Denosumab MOA

Accepted Answer

blocks activation of osteoclasts by interfering with RANKL

Answer

creates apoptosis in osteoclasts

Answer

all of the above

Answer

acts as estrogen agonist in bone

Question 24

Bisphosphonates and Denosumab share which toxicity

Accepted Answer

osteonecrosis of the jaw

Answer

increased risk of clotting event

Answer

doesn't work well

Answer

esophagitis/esophageal damage

Question 25

Teriparatide MOA

Accepted Answer

stimulates osteoblasts and Ca2+ absorption into bone

Answer

all of the above

Answer

replaces estradiol

Answer

causes osteoclast apoptosis

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