What is the ideal climate for growing carrots?

low temperature 10 -15 degrees Celsius

What is the recommended land preparation for growing carrots?

dig the soil to a depth of 12 inches and remove rocks and debris

Only loosen the soil to a depth of 6 inches

Add more rocks and debris to the soil

Leave the soil compacted and rocky

Why is it important to space out carrot seeds when planting them?

To allow the carrots enough room to grow without competing for nutrients

To keep the soil warm around the carrots

To prevent pests from attacking the carrots

To encourage the carrots to grow faster

Why is it essential to keep the soil consistently moist when growing carrots?

To help the carrots develop properly and prevent cracking

To make the carrots grow faster

To reduce the need for watering

To attract beneficial insects to the garden

Carrot climatic and soil requirements and land preparation

Classification of plants • Plants can be classified as cultivated and wild plants. • Both cultivated and wild plants are very useful to people, animals and the environment. 1. Cultivated plants: • Cultivated plants are plants grown by people for selling. • They can be grown in the field, vegetable garden, home garden and orchard. Classification of plants 2. Wild plants Wild plants are plants that grow on their own outside the garden, orchard or field. They have many uses such as: • Food for people and animals • Shelter • Source of fuel in form of firewood. • Examples include, grasses, msasa, yellow wood, mahogany, mopane Plant Nutrition • The presence of plant nutrients in the soil make them grow well. • The three major plant nutrients are nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Sources of plant nutrients • The source for plant nutrients are grouped into organic and inorganic sources. Organic sources of plant nutrients • These are found in nature. • They are natural materials such, decayed plant and animal matter which include: • Animal manure from cattle, sheep, goats, poultry and pigs. • Green manure • Legume crops like beans, peas and groundnuts. • Humus • These material sources may also be called natural fertilizers. Inorganic sources of plant nutrients • These are sources of plant nutrients made by people in industries. They include: • Compound fertilizers like compound A, B, C and D. • These have two or more nutrients. • Straight fertilizers like ammonium nitrate, single super phosphate and urea. • A straight fertilizer supplies a single or more nutrient to the crop. A straight fertilizer A Compound fertilizer Sources of N,P,K • Ammonium nitrate and Urea- contain nitrogen Double super Phosphate, Single super phosphate-contain phosphorus • Muriate of Potash contains Potassium 2 . Compound fertilisers -have two or three of the three major plant nutrients (N.P.K). N-nitrogen P-phosphorus K-potassium Examples Compound D Wednesday 17 May 2023 Revision exercise (Plant nutrition) 1 .Name the 3 plant nutrients needed by plants. 2. What are the 2 groups of plant nutrients sources? 3. Give 3 examples of organic sources of plant nutrients. 4. What is a straight fertilizer? 5. Compound fertilizer supplies ……………or ………………. Nutrients. Vegetable crops • A vegetable is any part of a plant that is eaten by humans as food part of a meal. • Vegetables are grouped and named according to the part that is eaten. • These are leaf, root, fruit, flower, bulb, tuber and legume vegetables. Leaf vegetables Types of veg Legume etable cropsvegetables Fruit vegetables Root, bulb and tuber Flower vegetables Cabbage Peas Tomato Root: carrots Cauliflower Rape Green beans Pepper Parsnip broccoli Spinach Melons Beetroot Tsunga Cucumber Bulb: onion Lettuce Squash Garlic kale Egg plant Leek chillies Tuber: Irish potato Wednesday 31 May 2023 Vegetable crops 1. What is a vegetable? 2. Which one is not a vegetable from the list below? a. Covo B. cabbage C. wheat D. tomato 3. Choose a vegetable which is not a fruit vegetable. a. tomato B. pepper C. kale D. egg plant 4. From which pair of vegetables do we eat the flower? A. cauliflower and garlic B. broccoli and cauliflower C. broccoli and rape D. cauliflower and pepper 5. Give one example of a vegetable belonging to each of the following groups. a. root b. legume c. bulb 6. Name any 5 groups of vegetable classification according to the parts eaten. Growing leaf vegetables • Although there are many types of vegetables, the leaf, fruit and bulb vegetables are widely grown. • Leaf vegetables form the greater part of vegetable crops. • Leaf vegetables belong to a family called brassica. • Brassicas include cabbages, lettuce, spinach, covo and many others. • Each brassica family has got its own varieties called cultivar. • They usually grow under the same climatic conditions and are affected by the same pests and diseases. • The selection of a variety depends on the following : The intended use of the vegetable, for example, salad, stew or snacks. Days taken to mature. Disease resistant Season of the year Seedbed preparation • Brassica vegetables are usually raised in seedbeds. • The seedbeds are prepared by: • Marking the position of the bed 1 meter in width by any length using a tape measure, hammer and pegs. • Digging a seedbed to a depth of 25 to 30cm using a hoe. • Breaking lumps of soil using a garden rake. Soil requirements • Brassicas need: • Well drained soils. • Fertile soil for good growth • Slightly acidic soils (pH 5.5-6) Climatic requirements • Brassicas need cool to warm temperatures. • Very low temperatures cause cabbages to flower which is called bolting. • Brassicas can be grown throughout the year. Seedbed preparation • Brassica seedlings are usually raised in seedbeds. • A seedbed is prepared by: Marking the position of the bed 1 metre in width by any length using a tape measure, hammer and pegs. Digging a seedbed to depth of 25 to 30 cm using a hoe. Breaking lumps of soil using a garden rake. This is done in order to have a fine tilth and improve soil to seed contact. Making ridges that a 15cm high. Apply 3 to 5kg/m² of well decomposed manure. 60 to 100g/m² of compound fertilizer can be added into the soil. Management of vegetable crops • After transplanting the seedlings, the seedlings need to be looked after. (a)Controlling weeds: all vegetables must be kept weed free. • This is done either by hand pulling weeds or shallow cultivation using a hand fork. (b) Pest control: common pests that affect the brassicas are aphids and diamond black moth larva. • Aphids are small green insects that suck the juice from the leaves leaving them with curls. • They are controlled by spraying malathion using the instructions on the label. (c) Disease control: bacterial diseases are common in brassicas. • Common diseases are black rot and soft rot, especially in cabbages. • These are controlled by: Crop rotation Early planting Planting resistant cultivars (d) Top dressing: brassicas are top dressed using Ammonium Nitrate at a rate of 2.5g per plant. • Top dressing is usually done 3 or 4 weeks after germination. FIELD CROPS • Field crops are crops that are grown on a large piece of land. • Example of field crops:  Maize  Cotton  Groundnuts  Roundnuts  Wheat  Sunflower  Tobacco  Sugar cane  Tea  Coffee  Soya beans  sorghum Classification of field • Field crops can be classified according to use such crops cereal, fibre, sugar and oil. 1. Cereal crops: • A cereal is a grass grown for its edible seeds. • They are also known as grain crops. • The major cereal crops are maize, wheat, rice, barley, sorghum and millet. 2 . fiber crops : • these are crops which are grown for their fiber and are used in making textiles, ropes and rugs. • Important fiber crops are cotton, flax and sisal 3. Oil seed crops: • These crops are grown for the purpose of extracting oil from their seed. • The main oil seed crops are groundnuts, sunflower, soyabean and cotton seed. 4 . Sugar crops : • Sugar crops include sugarcane,

Carrot Osmosis Lab

Carrot diseases

Carrot care

Making mini carrot & orange cakes

A Rainbow of Food Did you know that you can eat a rainbow? You can't eat a rainbow in the sky, of course. You can make a healthy rainbow out of all the different colors of fruits and vegetables. A red apple can help keep your heart strong. Eat some slices of this fruit for a healthy snack. Red raspberries can help keep you from getting sick. Eat a handful of this fruit instead of candy. An orange carrot can help keep your eyes healthy. This vegetable is just plain fun to crunch between your teeth. An orange is filled with vitamins that can help keep you from catching a cold. Squeeze this fruit for some tangy juice with breakfast in the morning. A yellow banana can give you tons of energy. Peel and eat this fruit before you play. Yellow corn can help keep your stomach healthy. Munch this vegetable right off the cob at a picnic. A green avocado can help your body take in all the stuff it needs. Squish up this fruit to make a creamy dip for chips. Green broccoli can help keep your bones strong. Pretend you are a dinosaur eating a tree and chow down on this vegetable. Blueberries can help you remember things. Eat this fruit every day to help you do well in school. Purple plums help food move through your body. Get sticky with a bite of this juicy fruit. Purple grapes can help keep blood moving around your body. Toss a bunch of this fruit in the freezer and have a chilly treat.These fruits and vegetables are just a few that can make up a food rainbow. Eating a rainbow every day is a fun and colorful way to stay healthy. How many colors will you eat today?

Anna: Excuse me, Cindy. What are you looking at? Cindy: Hi, Anna! I am looking at my cat, Coco. Anna: I can't see Coco. Where is she? Cindy: She is on the right side of the garden. She is hunting mice. Anna: Is that your dog on the left side of the garden? Cindy: Yes. That's Eric. He is sleeping in the sun. Anna: What is that in the middle of the garden? Cindy: That is my rabbit. It is eating a carrot.

From roots to fruits different parts of vegetables are consumed. On that basis vegetables are classified. Leaf Vegetable Cabbages, Rape, Kale, Lettuce, spinach (leaves are eaten) Root Carrot, Radish, Turnip, beet root Fruit Tomato, eggplant, Pepper Bulb Onion, Garlic, shallots, leeks Tuber Potato, Sweet Potato

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