Catholicism - Jesus and Some Key Catholics

Starting out, indeed, from this 'key' image, which Saint ~ the very first Apostle, who spoke up on the day of Pentecost ~ effectively became the first Pope, and is the patron of the Vatican Church (having been given 'the keys of the kingdom', as Jesus told him when he confessed His Messiahship)?

The Church includes a number of monastic orders, i.e. monastery and nunnery institutions where keen believers take vows and live in fellowship and service to each other and the wider world, through prayer, scholarship and active charitable works or any combination of such devotions. One of the most major among these orders are the Benedictines (after St Benedict). How far back does the order's foundation date?

Another broadly comparable order are the Franciscans, named for St Francis of Assisi who began preaching (un-licensed) in 1209. With which of the following causes or entities is he NOT associated as a Patron?

Let's backtrack a little and consider 'canonisation': the formal mechanism by which an inspirational Catholic believer might in due course become a Saint. As of the papal decree of 1983, which of these outlines is correct?

There is, of course, meanwhile, an actual Society of Jesus ~ a male order more often known as the Jesuits ~ founded in Paris in 1534 (at that time when the Reformation was convulsing European thought, worship and observance) ... by whom?

Mother Teresa of Calcutta (Kolkata), not without humility and reluctance, was an iconic figure in that city and worldwide in the later 20th century on account of her work with the poor and destitute; she was declared a Saint by Pope Francis in 2016. In 1950 she had founded the Missionaries of Charity which now include not far short of 5,000 'sisters' across some 2/3 of the nations of the world; according to Wikipedia her citizenship status was changed some half-a-dozen times over the course of her 87 years, but what was her ethnicity by birth and early upbringing?

At a ceremony on 10 October 1982, Pope John Paul II (himself later canonised by his successor) formally declared Maximilian Kolbe to be 'the Patron Saint of our Difficult Century': Kolbe had been a Franciscan friar and active in resistance against the Nazis. How and where did he die?

The name of St John Vianney (1786-1859) is commemorated on churches and other institutions worldwide: he exercised his ministry in other turbulent times ... principally in which country?

Hildegard of Bingen ~ Benedictine abbess, scholar, composer-musician, and regarded by the Germans as the founder of methodical natural history ~ lived died in 1179 at the age of 81 and was beatified in 1326. For various (mostly arcane) reasons she was not canonised until as recently as ... ?

Who is the patron saint of all Catholic educational establishments?