consists of transactions that are devised and carried out across national borders to satisfy the objectives of individuals, companies, and organizations.

- is a company’s physical investment such as into the building and facilities in the foreign country, and acts as a domestic business with a full scale of activity. Companies practice FDI to get benefits from cheaper labor costs, tax exemptions, and other privileges in that foreign country.

the process by which businesses or other organizations develop international influence or start operating on an international scale.

refers to the overall performance of the trade and investment activities of firms across national borders.