Question 1

Oxygen is...

Accepted Answer

A product of photosynthesis and a reactant of cellular respiration

Answer

A product of photosynthesis and cellular respiration

Answer

A reactant of photosynthesis and a product of cellular respiration

Answer

A reactant of photosynthesis and cellular respiration

Question 2

The process of converting sunlight energy into chemical energy stored in an organic molecule is called

Accepted Answer

Photosynthesis

Answer

Protein Synthesis

Answer

Cellular respiration

Answer

Mitochondria

Question 3

What conclusion best matches the trends shown in this graph?

Accepted Answer

Corn plants produce sugars at a faster rate than bean plants

Answer

Corn plants release more carbon dioxide than bean plants

Answer

Corn plants require more oxygen than bean plants

Answer

Bean plants produce more ATP than corn plants

Question 4

Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are often described as existing in a cycle. Which statement best describes why this is true?

Accepted Answer

Each reaction results in chemical products that are needed as reactants for the other reaction

Answer

Heterotrophs can perform photosynthesis and cellular respiration while autotrophs can only perform photosynthesis

Answer

Plants perform only cellular respiration and animals perform photosynthesis

Answer

Plants perform only photosynthesis and animals perform cellular respiration

Question 5

Aerobic respiration is different from anaerobic respiration in that aerobic respiration needs...

Accepted Answer

Oxygen

Answer

Glucose

Answer

Chlorophyll

Answer

Carbon Dioxide

Question 6

Which of the following describes homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

an organism's ability to maintain steady (stable) internal conditions

Answer

operates through positive feedback

Answer

acts to keep values outside of a desired range

Answer

keeps variables exactly at the set point

Question 7

Which structure, composed mainly of proteins and lipids, aids in maintaining homeostasis in a cell?

Accepted Answer

Cell membrane

Answer

Chromosome

Answer

Cell wall

Answer

Nucleolus

Question 8

The function of the cell membrane is to -

Accepted Answer

serve as a selective barrier between the inside the cell and the outside environment

Answer

keep all materials inside the cell

Answer

keep all external material outside the cell

Answer

provide a waterproof barrier for the cell

Question 9

What separates facilitated diffusion from other types of diffusion?

Accepted Answer

it uses transport proteins

Question 10

Match the following types of transport to their descriptions:

Question 11

Correctly identify the reactants and products of cellular respiration

Question 12

Many marine invertebrates have body surfaces that are permeable to water but not to salt. Osmosis can change the pressure of their body fluids. Fortunately, the ocean is very stable in its salt content. What would happen if a jellyfish were placed in a very low-salt environment such as an estuary?

Accepted Answer

It would gain water from the environment

Answer

It would lose salt into the water

Answer

It would gain nutrients from the water in the environment

Answer

It would lose proteins into the water

Question 13

Sort the following forms of transport through the cell membrane.

Question 14

An amoeboid protist lives in an aquatic environment with a 5% salt content. By placing this organism in a new solution, which solution would cause this organism to gain mass at the greatest rate?

Accepted Answer

1%

Answer

9%

Answer

5%

Answer

3%

Question 15

Which statement about the structure of DNA is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains four different nitrogen bases including adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil

Answer

DNA is made of linked nucleotides which are each made of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogen base

Answer

Long strands of DNA are twisted in the form of a double helix

Answer

DNA consists of two strands joined together by complementary base pairing

Question 16

The function of DNA is to...

Accepted Answer

Carry genetic information and code for proteins

Answer

Store energy

Answer

Form your cell membrane and retain heat

Answer

Build muscles and speed up reactions

Question 17

What part of DNA's structure codes for proteins?

Accepted Answer

The number and sequence of bases

Answer

The number of adenines

Answer

The type of sugar in the nucleotides

Answer

The bonds between sugars and phosphates

Question 18

What is the complementary DNA sequence for the DNA strand ATCGGAACT?

Accepted Answer

TAGCCTTGA

Answer

ATCGGAACT

Answer

UAGCCUUGA

Answer

CGATTCCAG

Question 19

In the figure showing gene expression, what should replace label B?

Accepted Answer

Translation

Answer

Transcription

Answer

Synthesis

Answer

Polymerase

Question 20

To create proteins, mRNA copies the DNA code. The mRNA must then transfer the DNA code from the nucleus to the ribosomes that are located in the cytoplasm. What action occurs next at the ribosomes?

Accepted Answer

Specific proteins are formed through the linking of amino acids

Answer

Nucleotides detach to form individual protein strands

Answer

Nucleic acids are formed through the DNA code

Answer

Messenger RNA is transcribed back into DNA to create nucleotide bases

Question 21

How do four the different nucleotides found in DNA result in twenty different amino acids used to form proteins in the cell?

Accepted Answer

The four nucleic acid bases combine in three letter sequences that each define an amino acid

Answer

The four bases each specify one amino acid, and these then combine to form the other sixteen amino acids

Answer

The four nucleic acid bases are converted into tRNA molecules which can each attach to sixteen different amino acids

Answer

The four nucleic acid bases combine in two letter sequences that each define an amino acid

Question 22

What is the amino acid sequence for the mRNA sequence UUGAGAGCA? Separate the amino acids by dashes

Accepted Answer

Leu - Arg - Ala

Question 23

Transcribe the following DNA sequence into mRNA (use caps, no spaces): ACCTGACTA

Accepted Answer

UGGACUGAU

Question 24

Match the following molecules and structures to their role in protein synthesis

Question 25

Photosynthesis takes place in the _________________ while cellular respiration takes place in the ___________________.

Accepted Answer

chloroplast, mitochondria

Answer

mitochondria, chloroplast

Answer

cell membrane, cell wall

Answer

chloroplast, ribosome

Question 26

In the cycle shown in the figure above, which processes are shown by letters A and B?

Accepted Answer

A - respiration, B - photosynthesis

Answer

A - respiration, B - transpiration

Answer

A - decomposition, B - protein synthesis

Answer

A - photosynthesis, B - respiration

Question 27

What is the primary goal or purpose of cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Release energy from the food into a chemical form that can be used by the cell

Answer

Capture energy from the sun and to produce chemical energy for food molecules

Answer

Capture oxygen from the atmosphere to store it in a chemical form that can be used by the cell

Answer

Capture carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to store it in a chemical form that can be used by the cell

Question 28

The energy in the food produced by autotrophs or taken into the bodies of heterotrophs must be changed into a form that cells can use. The energy-transferring molecule used by cells is -

Accepted Answer

ATP

Answer

RNA

Answer

O2

Answer

DNA

Question 29

What conclusion can be made based on the equation below?

6CO₂+ 6H₂O -> C₆H₁₂O₆+ 6O₂

Accepted Answer

The equation shows photosynthesis, which means the products will become the reactants in cellular respiration

Answer

The equation shows photosynthesis, which means the 6O_₂ will become the only reactant in cellular respiration

Answer

The equation shows cellular respiration, which means the 6O_₂ will become the only reactant in photosynthesis

Answer

The equation shows cellular respiration, which means the products will become the reactants in photosynthesis

Question 30

The diagram shown represents the input and output of a process performed by the chloroplast of a cell. Which substance is most likely represented by Y?

Accepted Answer

Glucose

Answer

CO2

Answer

ATP

Answer

Light

Question 31

Both plants and animals perform cellular respiration

Accepted Answer

true

Answer

false

Question 32

During intense exercise, sometimes your muscle cells start to perform anaerobic respiration because you aren't able to take in enough oxygen quickly enough. Why can't your body rely entirely on anaerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

It doesn't produce as much ATP as aerobic respiration

Answer

It produces a toxic byproduct

Answer

It takes much longer than aerobic respiration

Answer

It produces ADP instead of ATP

Question 33

"Gene expression" refers is another term for which process?

Accepted Answer

Protein Synthesis

Answer

Mitosis

Answer

Osmosis

Answer

Photosynthesis

Question 34

DNA replication happens during

Accepted Answer

Interphase

Answer

Telophase

Answer

Cytokinesis

Answer

Prophase

Question 35

Which statement correctly identifies the anaphase stage of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

The sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles of the cell

Answer

The nucleus disappears while centrioles move to opposite poles of the cell

Answer

Chromosomes are aligned in the center of the cell by spindle fibers, which ensures a copy of each chromosome will be given to each nucleus

Answer

The cytoplasm and organelles are divided by a cleavage furrow or cell plate

Question 36

One difference between cell division in plant and animal cells is during cytokinesis plant cells have -

Accepted Answer

a cell plate

Answer

centrioles

Answer

centrioles

Answer

cleavage

Question 37

Match the phases of mitosis to their description

Question 38

Place the stages of the cell cycle in the correct order

Question 39

The image shows the process of mitotic cell division in a cell. If the daughter cells each have 16 chromosomes after cell division, what was the number of chromosomes in the parent cell?

Accepted Answer

16

Answer

4

Answer

8

Answer

32

Question 40

The process of DNA replication is necessary before a cell -

Accepted Answer

divides into two cells

Answer

codes for RNA molecules

Answer

modifies lysosome enzymes

Answer

makes a protein

Question 41

Why does DNA need to be replicated during the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

To ensure each daughter cell receives a complete copy during cell division

Answer

To send one to the ribosomes to make proteins

Answer

To have a back-up copy in case of damage or mutations

Answer

To ensure that there are no errors in the sequence

Question 42

The pigment inside photoautotrophs that allows them to capture light energy is...

Accepted Answer

chlorophyll

Answer

mRNA

Answer

stomata

Answer

ATP

Question 43

In osmosis, water travels...

Accepted Answer

all of the above

Answer

through a selectively permeable membrane

Answer

from low to high solute concentration

Answer

from high to low water concentration

Question 44

The reason that eating salty foods makes a person thirsty is that...

Accepted Answer

active transport carries salt into the cells of the mouth

Answer

osmosis causes water to move into the cells of the mouth

Answer

facilitated diffusion causes salt to move into the cells of the mouth

Answer

osmosis causes water to leave the cells of the mouth

Question 45

Organims maintain a balance between their cells and the external environment through the process of -

Accepted Answer

homeostasis

Answer

pH

Answer

cellular respiration

Answer

growth

Question 46

A student calculated his heart rate every 2 minutes while he ran a mile. When the student was reviewing his results, he notice that his heart rate continually increased as he ran the mile. One of the reasons why his heart rate increased is because the -

Accepted Answer

circulatory system was maintaining homeostasis

Answer

skeletal system was redistributing oxygen consumption

Answer

respiratory system was stabilizing blood pressure

Answer

muscle system was removing excess waste

Question 47

Some fish travel from saltwater to freshwater or from freshwater to saltwater but still maintain the concentration of salt in their cells. This is an example of -

Accepted Answer

homeostasis

Answer

mutation

Answer

cellular injury

Answer

positive feedback

Question 48

Mitosis is needed for...

Accepted Answer

Growth and healing

Answer

Protein synthesis

Answer

DNA replication

Answer

Sexual reproduction

Question 49

Daughter cells produced by mitosis are genetically different

Accepted Answer

false

Answer

true

Question 50

Place the events of the construction of proteins in the correct order

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