Technique used to separate DNA fragments according to size.

During replication, this enzyme helps to open up the DNA helix by breaking the hydrogen bonds.

During replication, the strand that is replicated in short fragments and away from the replication fork.

Strand that is synthesized continuously in the 5'-3' direction which is synthesized in the direction of the replication fork.

Variation in the nucleotide sequence of a genome.

DNA fragment that is synthesized in short stretches on the lagging strand.

Mutation that affects a single base.

Y-shaped structure formed during initiation of replication.

Mutation that is not expressed.

Enzyme that contains a catalytic part of an inbuilt RNA template; it functions to maintain telomerase at chromosome ends.

DNA at the end of linear chromosomes.

DNA makes RNA which makes protein

the process by which DNA directs protein synthesis, includes two stages: transcription and translation.

is the synthesis of RNA using information in DNA.

produced by transcription

Translation is the synthesis of a _____, using information in the mRNA

_____, composed of proteins and rRNA, are the sites of translation.

The flow of information from gene to protein is based on a triplet code, _____.

During translation, the mRNA base triplets, called codons, are read in the ______ direction.

Each codon specifies the _____ (one of 20) to be placed at the corresponding position along a polypeptide.

Genetic information flows from mRNA to protein through the process of _____.

Translation occurs in the _____ and is the process where mRNA (the recipe) is read to create proteins. The final recipe becomes the final product.

A cell translates an mRNA message into protein with the help of ________.

_____ facilitate specific coupling of tRNA anticodons with mRNA codons during protein synthesis.

The start codon _____ is important because it establishes the reading frame for the mRNA.