Under ____, landowning nobles governed and protected the people in return for services.

Two important farming inventions of the Middle Ages that made turning over soil faster were the horse collar and

Medieval knights followed rules called the code of

In medieval towns, the townspeople paid ____ to the lord in exchange for basic rights.

Because the buildings were made of wood and closely spaced, medieval cities could be easily destroyed by

After the Battle of Hastings in 1066, ____ was crowned king of England.

Under what king was English common law established?

The ____ helped establish the idea that people have rights and that the power of government should be limited.

The Grand Duke of Moscow became known as czar, a shortened form of Caesar, when ____ came to power.

In 1095, Pope Urban II called for a crusade, or holy war, to be launched against

A famous educated medieval woman, and nun, who wrote music was

As medieval daily life revolved around the Church, priests ran the schools and

The Church court, or ____, tried people who were suspected of heresy.

The most important buildings during the 1100s were large churches, called

The first European universities were created to educate and train

the center of trade in northern Europe

a warrior in armor who fought on horseback

land granted to a vassal, or knight

Venice

a person who worked the lord's land

a region named for the Norsemen who ruled it

people ordained as priests

decided whether an accused person was guilty or innocent

the Egyptian ruler who united Muslims and went to war against the Christians

decided whether a person could be accused of a crime

a way of thinking that used reason to explore questions of faith

the hatred of Jews

the local language used by people of a region

religious beliefs that conflict with Church teachings

the study of religion and God