Ch. 2 The Chemical Foundations of Life

Anything that takes up space and has mass

A substance consisting of two or more different elements combined in a fixed ratio

Any substance that cannot be broken down to any other substance by chemical reactions

A substance becoming acidic

The smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element

The total mass of an atom

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom, unique for each element and designated by a subscript

A substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution

An attraction between two atoms, resulting from a sharing of outer-shall electrons or the presence of opposite charges on the atoms, ultimately filling the outer electron shells

The making and breaking of chemical bonds, leading to changes in the composition of matter

A type of strong chemical bond in which two atoms share one or more pairs of valence electrons

A subatomic particle with a single negative electrical charge and a mass about 1/2,000 that of a neutron or proton. One or more electrons move around the nucleus of an atom

The attraction of a given atom for the electrons of a covalent bond

The possible locations around an atom where electrons of similar energy can be found

A type of weak chemical bond that is formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent bond in another molecule or in another region of the same molecule