the shape of a DNA molecule

What does DNA look like?

the smaller sub-units that make up a DNA molecule and that consis of a sugar, a phosphate, and a base

A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait

The base that pairs with Thymine in DNA

The base that pairs with Cytosine in DNA

determines the protein that is built from a particular gene

RNA molecule that carries copies of instructions for the assembly of amino acids into proteins from DNA to the rest of the cell

a base found in RNA but not DNA

the process of converting the RNA code into a protein

codons code for about twenty different of these that are used to build proteins

the bonding together of amino acids in a growing chain

the result of a faulty molecule causing an entire process to stop functioning

the cellular process of growth and reproduction

results in two identical DNA molecules; copying DNA int two identical DNA molecules

cell division stage when the cell makes a copy of its DNA

part of cell division during which the cell nucleus divides to produce two identical daughter cells

phase of cell division in which spidle fibers are formed

phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes reach the end of the spindle and begin to uncoil

two new cells are formed when this divides during cytokinesis

cell division process that is necessary for sexual reproduction; NOT a form of asexual reproduction; the joining of two gametes

matching pairs of chromosomes in a diploid cell

the union of two haploid gametes forms this diploid cell

process of making working copies called mRNA from DNA

dividing the genetic material so that new daughter cells have the same kind of genes

converting DNA code into a protein

halving the number of chromosomes to form gametes

when the cytoplasm is divided and two new cells are formed

the chromosomes are lined up at the center of the cell

the nuclear membrane disappears and the chromatin begins to coil up

sister chromatids divide into separate chromosomes

a cell copies its DNA toward the end of this normal growth phase

new chromosomes reach opposite ends of the cell and uncoil

includes the use of budding and regeneration to reproduce; results in offspring that are identical to the parent

reduces the 2n number of genes down to n; involves two cell divisions that result in haploid daughter cells; forms sperm and eggs

group of three nucleotide bases in mRNA that specify a particular amino acid to be incorporated into a protein

female gametes

male gamete

A cell containing only one set of chromosomes/genes

cells that have two complete sets of chromosomes/genes