Opening through which food passes into the body; breaks food into small particles by mastication (chewing) and mixing with saliva

Consists mostly of skeletal muscle; attached in the posterior region of the mouth. It provides movement of food for mastication, directs food to the pharynx for swallowing, and is a major organ for taste and speech

Separates the nasal cavity from the oral cavity

Posterior portion, not supported by the bone

Anterior portion, supported by the bone

Soft V-shaped structure that extends from the soft palate; directs food into the throat

Performs the swallowing action that passes food from the mouth into the esophagus

10-inch tube that is a passageway for food extending from the pharynx to the stomach. Peristalsis, involuntary wavelike movements that propel food along the digestive tract, begins in the esophagus

J-shaped sac that mixes and stores food. It secretes chemicals for digestion and hormones for local communication control

Area around the opening of the esophagus

Uppermost domed portion of the stomach

Central portion of the stomach

Lower portion of the stomach

Portion of the stomach that connects to the small intestine

Ring of muscle that guards the opening between the stomach and the duodenum

20-foot canal extending from the pyloric sphincter to the large intestine. Digestion is completed in the small intestine. Absorption, the passage of the nutrients (end products of digestion) from the small intestine to the bloodstream, takes place through the villi, fingerlike projections that line the walls of the small intestine.

First 10-12 inches of the small intestine

Second portion of the small intestine, approximately 8 feet

Third portion of the small intestine, approximately 11 feet long, which connects with the large intestine.

Canal that is approximately 5 feet long and extends from the ileum to the anus. Absorption of water and elimination of the solid waste products of digestion take place in the large intestine

Blind U-shaped pouch that is the first portion of the large intestine

Next portion of the large intestine. The colon is divided into four parts; ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon.

Remaining portion of the large intestine, approximately 8 to 10 inches long, extending from the sigmoid colon to the anus.

Sphincter muscle (ringlike band of muscle fiber that keeps an opening tight) at the end of the digestive tract

Produce saliva, which flows into the mouth

Produces bile, which is necessary for the digestion of fats. The liver performs many other functinos concerned with digestion and metabolism

Passageways that carry bile: the hepatic duct is a passageway for bile from the liver and the cystic duct carries bile from the gallbladder. They going to form the common bile duct, which conveys bile to the duodenum. Collectively, these passageways are referred to as the biliary tract.

Small, saclike structure that stores bile.

Produces pancreatic juice, which helps digest all types of food and secretes

Serous saclike lining of the abdominal and pelvic cavities

Small pouch, which has no known function in digestion, attached to the cecum (also called vermiform appendix)

Portion fo the body between the thorax and the pelvis

Anus

Antrum

Cecum

Colon (usually denoting the large intestine)

Duodenum

Intestine (usually denoting the small intestine)

Esophagus

Stomach

Ileum

Jejunum

Mouth

Rectum

Sigmoid colon

Abdomen (abdominal cavity)

Appendix

Lip

Bile duct

Gall, bile

Common bile duct

Diverticulum or blind pouch, extending from a hollow organ

Gum

Tongue

Liver

Hernia, or protrusion of an organ through a membrane or cavity wall

Palate

Pancreas

Peritoneum

Polyp, small growth

Pylorus, pyloric sphincter

Saliva, salivary gland

Fat

Uvula

Half

Digestion

Inflammation of the appendix

Tumor of the bile duct

Inflammation of the gallbladder

Condition of stones in the common bile duct

Condition of gallstones

Inflammation of a diverticulum

Abnormal condition of having diverticula

Inflammation of the esophagus

Inflammation of the stomach

Inflammation of the stomach and intestines

Inflammation of the stomach, intestines and colon

Inflammation of the gums

Inflammation of the liver

Tumor of the liver

Inflammation of the palate

Inflammation of the pancreas

Inflammation of the peritoneum

Abnormal condition of (multiple) polyps (in the mucous membrane of the intestine, especially the colon; high potential for malignancy)

Prolapse of the rectum

Protrusion of the salivary gland

Stone in the salivary gland

Inflammation of the liver associated with (excess) fat; (often caused by alcohol abuse and obesity; over time may cause cirrhosis)

Inflammation of the uvula

Surgical puncture to remove fluid from the abdominal cavity (also called paracentesis)

Surgical repair of the abdomen

Surgical repair of the anus

Excision of the antrum

Excision of the appendix

Incision into the abdominal cavity

Suture of the lip

Excision of the gallbladder

Incision into the common bile duct to remove a stone

Excision of the colon

Creation of an artificial opening into the colon (through the abdominal wall). (Used for the passage of stool. A colostomy, which creates a mouthlike opening on the abdominal wall called a stoma, may be permanent or temporary; performed as a treatment for bowel obstruction, cancer or diverticulitis)

Excision of a diverticulum

Suture of the intestine

Surgical repair of the esophagus and the stomach

Excision of the stomach (or part of the stomach)

Creation of an artificial opening between the stomach and jejunum

Surgical repair of the stomach

Creation of an artificial opening into the stomach (through the abdominal wall). A tube is inserted through the opening for administration of food when swallowing is impossible)

Surgical removal of gum (tissue)

Suture of the tongue

Excision of half of the colon

Suturing of a hernia (for repair)

Creation of an artificial opening into the ileum (through the abdominal wall creating a stoma, a mouthlike opening on the abdominal wall). Used for the passage of stool. It is performed following total proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis, Crohn disease or cancer.

Incision into the abdominal wall

Surgical repair of the palate

Excision of a polyp

Incision into the pyloric muscle

Surgical repair of the pylorus

Excision of the uvula

Surgical repair of the uvula, palate and pharynx (performed to correct obstructive sleep apnea)

Radiographic image of bile ducts

Radiographic imaging of the bile ducts (after administration of contrast media to outline the ducts)

Radiographic imaging of the colon (using a CT scanner and software)

Radiographic image of the esophagus. (Barium is used as contrast media; also called an esophagram and barium swallow)

Instrument used for visual examination of the colon

Visual examination of the colon

Instrument used for visual examination within a hollow organ

Visual examination within a hollow organ

Visual examination of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum.

Visual examination of the esophagus

Instrument used for visual examination of the stomach

Visual examination of the stomach

Instrument used for visual examination of the abdominal cavity (also used to perform laproscopic surgery, a method that sometimes replaces a laparotomy, open abdominal incisional surgery)

Visual examination of the abdominal cavity

Instrument used for visual examination of the rectum

Visual examination of the rectum

Visual examination of the sigmoid colon

Pertaining to the abdomen

Pertaining to the anus

Without swallowing (the inability to)

Pertaining to the abdomen

Pertaining to the colon and rectum

Pertaining to the duodenum

Difficult digestion (often used to describe GI symptoms, such as abdominal pain and bloating)

Difficult swallowing

Disease of the intestine

Pertaining to the esophagus

Pertaining to the stomach

A physician who studies and treats diseases of the stomach and intestines (GI Tract and accessory organs)

Study of the stomach and intestines (a branch of medicine that deals with treating diseases of the GI tract and accessory organs)

Softening of the stomach

Disease of the tongue

Pertaining to the ileum and cecum

Pertaining to the nose and stomach

Pertaining to the mouth

Pertaining to the pancreas

Pertaining to the peritoneum

Physician who studies and treats diseases of the rectum

Study of the rectum (a branch of medicine that deals with disorders of the rectum and anus)

Pertaining to the rectum

Discharge of fat (excessive amount of fat in the stool, causing frothy, foul smelling fecal matter usually associated with the malabsorption of fat in conditions such as chronic pancreatitis and celiac disease.

Abnormal condition of fat (increased fat at the cellular level often affecting the liver)

Inflammation of the mouth (mucous membrane)

Pertaining to the mouth and stomach

Pertaining to under the tongue

Abdominoperineal resection

Barium enema

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopacreatography

Endoscopic ultrasound

Fecal occult blood test

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

Gastrointestinal

Helicobacter pylori

Irritable bowel syndrome

Nausea and vomiting

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy

Upper gastrointestinal

Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty