Chapter 12 AP BIO Genetics

Gene variations that arise by mutation and exist at the same relative locations on homologous chromosomes

Any of the non-sex chromosomes

Hypothetical inheritance pattern in which parental traits are

In a heterozygote, complete and simultaneous expression of both alleles for the same characteristic

Inheritance pattern in which a character shows a range of trait values with small gradations rather than large gaps between them

result of a cross between two true-breeding parents that express different traits for two characteristics

inheritance pattern in which traits are distinct and are transmitted independently of one another

trait which confers the same physical appearance whether an individual has two copies of the trait or one copy of the dominant trait and one copy of the recessive trait

inheritance pattern in which an allele is lethal both in the homozygote and the heterozygote; this allele can only be transmitted if the lethality phenotype occurs after reproductive age

antagonistic interaction between genes such that one gene masks or interferes with the expression of another

first filial generation in a cross; the offspring of the parental generation

second filial generation produced when F1 individuals are self-crossed or fertilized with each

underlying genetic makeup, consisting of both physically visible and non-expressed alleles, of an organism

presence of only one allele for a characteristic, as in X-linkage; hemizygosity makes descriptions of dominance and recessiveness irrelevant

having two different alleles for a given gene on the homologous chromosome