Chapter 21 Section 3 and 4
Quiz by Tony McCutchan
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- Q1Why can a radioactive material affect photographic film even though the film is well wrapped in black paper?Nuclear radiation is visible lightRadiation studied photography and knows how to manipulate it.Beta or gamma rays can penetrate paperAlpha particles can penetrate paper60s
- Q2How does the penetrating ability of gamma rays compare with that of alpha particles and beta particlesGamma > Beta > AlphaAlpha > Beta > GammaGamma > Alpha > BetaBeta > Alpha > Gamma60s
- Q3How does nuclear radiation damage biological tissue?It damages only the DNA of living creaturesBecause it smells extremely badIt can ionize the atoms and molecules in any tissue in the bodyBecause it damages only the brain in living beings60s
- Q4Explain how film badges, Geiger-Muller counters, and scintillation detectors are used to detect radiation and measure radiation exposureFilm badges use visible light, geiger counters use scintillating light and scintillation detectors use electric pulses from gasGeiger uses exposure of film, film badges uses scintillating light and scintillation counters count electric-pulses from gas.Because they are magical itemsFilm badges use exposure of film, Geiger uses electric pulses from gas, scintillation counters uses scintillating light60s
- Q5How is the age of an object that contains a radioactive nuclide estimated?We cannot even approximate the date of older objects because radio-dating knowledge is incompleteBy giving it to Bob, who knows a lot about these thingsBy measuring the accumulation of a daughter nuclide or the disappearance of a parent nuclide and then comparing its concentration compared to its half-lifeBy looking for a radio-isotope and then the objects age will be the nuclides half-life60s
- Q6How is the fission of uranium-235 nucleus induced?by bombarding the nucleus with protonsBy using a special chemical called pitocinby bombarding the nucleus with slow neutronsby bombarding the nucleus with gamma rays60s
- Q7How does the fission of uranium-235 produce a chain reactionWhen protons are absorbed by uranium-235, the atom splits and emits more neutrons than were absorbed. These neutrons bombard more uranium atoms, and the process continuesWhen gamma rays are absorbed by uranium-235, the atom splits and emits more neutrons than were absorbed. These neutrons bombard more uranium atoms, and the process continuesThrough magical mantrasWhen slow neutrons are absorbed by uranium-235, the atom splits and emits more neutrons than were absorbed. These neutrons bombard more uranium atoms, and the process continues120s
- Q8Describe the purposes of the five major components of a nuclear power plant.Fuel contains fissile material, coolant absorbs energy as heat, moderator slows neutrons produced by fission, shielding keeps radiation from escaping and control rods absorb free neutronsControl rods contains fissile material, moderator absorbs energy as heat, coolant slows neutrons produced by fission, fuel keeps radiation from escaping and shielding absorb free neutronsCoolant contains fissile material, fuel absorbs energy as heat, shielding slows neutrons produced by fission, moderator keeps radiation from escaping and control rods absorb free neutronsBathroom used to eliminate waste, break-room used to eat lunch, smoke-stacks used to make pretty clouds, parking lot used to hold lunch-time nap apparatti, time-clock used to keep track of the employees120s
- Q9What is one problem that must be overcome before controlled fusion reactions that produce energy are a reality?because a large amount of energy is required to start the reaction, more energy must be gotten out than put into the reactionNo known material can withstand the initial temperaturesThe fear of anything with the word nuclearAll of these things must be overcome60s
- Q10Describe the reaction that produces the sun's energyHydrogen nuclei combine at an extremely high temperature and pressure to form a helium nucleus with loss of mass and the resulting release of energyThrough normal chemical reactions.People at the center of the sun are happy people. Their smiles light up the universe.Slow neutrons are absorbed by uranium-235, the atom splits and emits more neutrons than were absorbed. These neutrons bombard more uranium atoms and the process continues.60s